Factores que Limitan la Inserción de los Jóvenes con Discapacidad del Programa Jóvenes Productivos del Ministerio de Trabajo en el empleo formal en Lima Metropolitana, durante los años 2017- 2019
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2022-10-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los factores que limitan que los
jóvenes con discapacidad de Lima Metropolitana del Programa Nacional Jóvenes
Productivos del Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo logren insertarse en un
empleo formal; examinando el diseño del servicio del programa, la gestión de sus
procesos, la articulación con entidades públicas y privadas, la percepción de los actores
y las limitaciones externas que existen; para proponer mejoras. Para ello, se utilizó como
forma de investigación el estudio de caso y la estrategia metodológica cualitativa, con
una muestra elegida mediante el método no probabilístico por conveniencia y tres
técnicas para levantar información: entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupo focal y revisión
bibliográfica. Ello, en función de 5 variables: diseño, gestión, articulación, percepción y
contexto social. Como resultado, se encontró que el programa no ha establecido ni
implementado estrategias bajo el enfoque de discapacidad, dado que, el servicio que
ofrece es el mismo que brinda a las personas sin aquella condición; producto de ello,
los procesos operativos no son eficaces. Asimismo, propende acciones de articulación
intrainstitucional e interinstitucional; sin embargo, la colaboración que establece es
deficiente. Por su parte, algunos actores opinan de manera favorable sobre la
capacitación laboral que ofrece el Programa, en tanto la mayoría no se siente satisfecha
porque es insuficiente para lograr la inserción. De otro lado, se halló que el soporte
familiar es un factor externo que ha favorecido a la población objetivo; mientras que la
accesibilidad arquitectónica es un factor limitante cuando se enfoca solo en uno de sus
aspectos. Del mismo modo, la gestión inadecuada de la inclusión educativa por parte
de las entidades de capacitación y de la inclusión laboral por parte de las empresas, han
sido factores que influyeron significativamente para que varios jóvenes con
discapacidad no consigan un empleo.
The objective of this research is to identify the factors that limit young people with disabilities in Lima Metropolitana of the Programa Nacional Jóvenes Productivos del Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo being able to enter a formal job; examining the design of the program service, the management of its processes, the articulation with public and private entities, the perception of the actors and the external limitations that exist; to propose improvements. For this, the case study and the qualitative methodological strategy were used as a form of research, with a sample chosen by the non-probabilistic method for convenience and three techniques to collect information: semi-structured interviews, focus group and bibliographic review. This, based on 5 variables: design, management, articulation, perception and social context. As a result, it was found that the program has not established or implemented strategies under the disability approach, because the service it offers is the same as that provided to people without that condition; thus, operational processes are not effective. Likewise, it encourages intra-institutional and inter-institutional articulation actions; however, the collaboration it establishes is deficient. For their part, some actors have a favorable opinion about the job training offered by the Program, while the majority do not feel satisfied because it is insufficient to achieve insertion. On the other hand, it was found that family support is an external factor that has favored the target population; while architectural accessibility is a limiting factor when focusing only on one of its aspects. In the same way, the inadequate management of educational inclusion by training entities and labor inclusion by companies have been factors that significantly influenced several young people with disabilities not getting a job.
The objective of this research is to identify the factors that limit young people with disabilities in Lima Metropolitana of the Programa Nacional Jóvenes Productivos del Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo being able to enter a formal job; examining the design of the program service, the management of its processes, the articulation with public and private entities, the perception of the actors and the external limitations that exist; to propose improvements. For this, the case study and the qualitative methodological strategy were used as a form of research, with a sample chosen by the non-probabilistic method for convenience and three techniques to collect information: semi-structured interviews, focus group and bibliographic review. This, based on 5 variables: design, management, articulation, perception and social context. As a result, it was found that the program has not established or implemented strategies under the disability approach, because the service it offers is the same as that provided to people without that condition; thus, operational processes are not effective. Likewise, it encourages intra-institutional and inter-institutional articulation actions; however, the collaboration it establishes is deficient. For their part, some actors have a favorable opinion about the job training offered by the Program, while the majority do not feel satisfied because it is insufficient to achieve insertion. On the other hand, it was found that family support is an external factor that has favored the target population; while architectural accessibility is a limiting factor when focusing only on one of its aspects. In the same way, the inadequate management of educational inclusion by training entities and labor inclusion by companies have been factors that significantly influenced several young people with disabilities not getting a job.
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Personas con discapacidad--Empleo, Juventud--Empleo--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Programas sociales--Inserción laboral--Perú
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