El rol de los medios sociales en la organización de la acción conectiva: el caso de los colectivos “Las Micaelas” y “Brigada de Escudos” durante las protestas de noviembre de 2020
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2024-10-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El desarrollo exponencial de nuevas tecnologías y el contexto de crisis política de los últimos años
demanda que el análisis de la participación ciudadana y las protestas sociales desde las
comunicaciones se adapte e incorpore nuevas variables. Asimismo, los medios sociales son un eje
clave para el estudio de la acción social, ya que esta no depende solo de la presencialidad y de los
espacios de encuentro tradicionales. La presente investigación toma en cuenta estos planteamientos
y, a partir de la casuística de dos colectivos juveniles, Las Micaelas y Brigada Activista, clasificados
como “politizado” y “no politizado” respectivamente, plantea la siguiente pregunta: ¿Por qué el
activismo ciudadano en línea realizado desde los medios sociales durante las protestas de 2020 contra
Manuel Merino generó que tanto colectivos politizados como no politizados trasladen sus acciones
en línea al espacio público mediante protestas? A partir del análisis de contenido de 34 publicaciones
en medios sociales y tres entrevistas complementarias a miembros de ambos colectivos, se concluye
que esta movilización se generó a partir de marcos de acción compartidos de rechazo hacia una “clase
política tradicional”, los cuales fueron amplificados en medios sociales por parte de ambos colectivos.
Asimismo, el uso eficaz de las herramientas digitales y medios sociales fue determinante para
trasladar esta acción conectiva a una acción colectiva. Se encontró que el colectivo politizado tuvo
un despliegue mayor de activismo en línea y fuera de línea que el colectivo no politizado. Sin
embargo, ninguno realizó acciones concretas con una agenda política más allá de las protestas
mencionadas.
The exponential development of new technologies and the context of political crisis in recent years demands that the analysis of citizen participation and social protests from communications becomes more complex and incorporates new variables. Therefore, social media is a key axis for the study of social action, since it does not depend only on presence and traditional meeting spaces. This research takes these approaches into account and, based on the case of two youth collectives, Las Micaelas and Brigada Activista, classified as “politicized” and “non-politicized” respectively, raises the following question: Why does citizen activism online made from social media during the 2020 protests against Manuel Merino caused both politicized and non-politicized groups to transfer their online actions to the public space through protests? Based on the content analysis of 34 publications on social media and three complementary interviews with members of both groups, it is concluded that this mobilization was generated from shared frames of action of rejection of a “traditional political class”, which were amplified on social media by both groups. Likewise, the effective use of digital tools and social media was decisive in translating this connective action into collective action. It was found that the politicized group had a greater display of online and offline activism than the non-politicized group. However, none took concrete actions with a political agenda beyond the mentioned protests.
The exponential development of new technologies and the context of political crisis in recent years demands that the analysis of citizen participation and social protests from communications becomes more complex and incorporates new variables. Therefore, social media is a key axis for the study of social action, since it does not depend only on presence and traditional meeting spaces. This research takes these approaches into account and, based on the case of two youth collectives, Las Micaelas and Brigada Activista, classified as “politicized” and “non-politicized” respectively, raises the following question: Why does citizen activism online made from social media during the 2020 protests against Manuel Merino caused both politicized and non-politicized groups to transfer their online actions to the public space through protests? Based on the content analysis of 34 publications on social media and three complementary interviews with members of both groups, it is concluded that this mobilization was generated from shared frames of action of rejection of a “traditional political class”, which were amplified on social media by both groups. Likewise, the effective use of digital tools and social media was decisive in translating this connective action into collective action. It was found that the politicized group had a greater display of online and offline activism than the non-politicized group. However, none took concrete actions with a political agenda beyond the mentioned protests.
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Medios de comunicación de masas--Aspectos políticos--Perú, Participación ciudadana--Perú, Perú--Política y gobierno--Siglo XXI
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