Para beneficiar la plata: mano de obra, papel, y posición social en una refinería de plata durante el primer siglo del imperialismo español en el pueblo de Porco
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2016
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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Antes de la conquista española, el pueblo de Porco, en el departamento de Potosí, Bolivia, fue uno de los asientos mineros más importante de los incas. Durante el virreinato, fue el foco de las primeras operaciones de minería de plata española en los Andes. Esta región ofrece una excelente oportunidad para que la arqueología histórica plantee preguntas acerca de la relación entre los estados que organizaban dichos proyectos mineros y los trabajadores que explotaban el mineral, que nos ayuden a entender esa dinámica que tuvo un profundo impacto en los orígenes de la economía andina moderna. Este artículo presenta evidencia arqueológica y etnohistórica para examinar la organización de ciertas categorías laborales coloniales, y el desarrollo de los papeles y posiciones sociales de trabajadores asociados a la industria minera andina sur-central para trazar la transición de la mano de obra en la región del imperio de los incas al de los españoles. Las excavaciones en el sitio colonial de Ferro Ingenio, una refinería de plata en el valle de San Juan, al sudoeste del pueblo de Porco, arrojan nuevas luces sobre el tema de la mano de obra en el primer siglo de colonialismo español y de cómo los trabajadores calificados negociaban sus propias posiciones en la sociedad colonial.
Before the Spanish conquest, the town of Porco, in the Department of Potosí in modern-day Bolivia, was the site of one of the most important Inca mining projects. During the viceregal period it became the focus of the first Spanish silver mining operations of the in the Andes. This region offers an excellent opportunity for historical archeology to ask questions about the relationship between the states that organized such mining projects and the workers who exploited the ore. Such an undertaking grants us a better understanding of the dynamics that had a profound impact on the origins of the modern Andean economy. This article presents ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence in order to discuss the organization of colonial labor categories, and the development of the changing social roles and status of skilled workers associated with the south-central Andean mining industry. In doing so, I trace the regional transitions in labor from the Inca to Spanish empires. Excavations at the colonial site of Ferro Ingenio, a silver refinery in the San Juan Valley, southwest of the village of Porco, shed new light on labor in the first century of Spanish colonialism and how skilled indigenous workers negotiated their positions within colonial society.
Before the Spanish conquest, the town of Porco, in the Department of Potosí in modern-day Bolivia, was the site of one of the most important Inca mining projects. During the viceregal period it became the focus of the first Spanish silver mining operations of the in the Andes. This region offers an excellent opportunity for historical archeology to ask questions about the relationship between the states that organized such mining projects and the workers who exploited the ore. Such an undertaking grants us a better understanding of the dynamics that had a profound impact on the origins of the modern Andean economy. This article presents ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence in order to discuss the organization of colonial labor categories, and the development of the changing social roles and status of skilled workers associated with the south-central Andean mining industry. In doing so, I trace the regional transitions in labor from the Inca to Spanish empires. Excavations at the colonial site of Ferro Ingenio, a silver refinery in the San Juan Valley, southwest of the village of Porco, shed new light on labor in the first century of Spanish colonialism and how skilled indigenous workers negotiated their positions within colonial society.
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Mano de Obra, Economía Política, Cultura Material, Minería Colonial, Yanacona, Labor, Political Economy, Material Culture, Colonial Mining, Yanacona
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