Estudio de caso de un niño de 7 años con dificultades en los predictores y procesos léxicos de la lectura y escritura
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2021-02-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En la actualidad la investigación psicoeducativa ha incrementado sus conocimientos sobre las dificultades
de aprendizaje, de modo que ahora estamos más dotados de información para comprender, evaluar e
intervenir dichas dificultades en los niños. Quiero poner de manifiesto que, para comprender mejor como
se enfoca actualmente el estudio de las dificultades de aprendizaje debemos tener en cuenta que las
dificultades de aprendizaje se consideran como no permanentes y por ende existe la posibilidad de mejora.
El objetivo del presente estudio de caso es diseñar un plan de evaluación que permita diagnosticar las
dificultades de aprendizaje que presenta en la lectura y escritura un niño de 7 años 5 meses; para luego
plantear y aplicar el plan de intervención que permitirá mejorar las dificultades que presente el niño en los
predictores y procesos léxicos de la lectura y escritura. El aprendizaje en la lectura y escritura se ve afectado
porque no hay un desarrollo adecuado de los procesos léxicos de la lectura y escritura (ruta fonológica y
ruta visual); evidenciando un perfil de aprendizaje por debajo de lo esperado para el grado y edad. Los
resultados de la intervención evidencian una mejora en los procesos de lectura y escritura con relación a
los componentes y capacidades programadas en las áreas de lectura y escritura; logros que se evidencian
en el uso correcto de la b-d, g-j; por la ruta visual y fonológica. En conclusión, el plan de intervención
planteado permitió al niño mejorar en lectura y escritura.
Nowadays, psychoeducational research has increased its knowledge about learning difficulties, so we are now more equipped with information to understand, to evaluate and to intervene these difficulties in children. I want to show that, in order to better understand how the study of learning difficulties is currently approached, we must take into account that learning difficulties are considered non-permanent and therefore there is the possibility of improvement. The objective of this case study is to design an evaluation plan to diagnose the learning difficulties presented in reading and writing by a 7-year-old 5-month-old; then to propose and implement the intervention plan that will improve the difficulties that the child presents in the predictors and lexical processes of reading and writing. Learning in reading and writing is affected because there is no an adequate development of reading and writing lexical processes (phonological and visual routes); showing a below-expected learning profile for grade and age. The results of the intervention show an improvement in reading and writing processes in relation to the components and capabilities programmed in the reading and writing areas; achievements evident in the correct use of b-d, g-j; by the visual and phonological route. In conclusion, the intervention plan proposed allowed the child to improve in reading and writing.
Nowadays, psychoeducational research has increased its knowledge about learning difficulties, so we are now more equipped with information to understand, to evaluate and to intervene these difficulties in children. I want to show that, in order to better understand how the study of learning difficulties is currently approached, we must take into account that learning difficulties are considered non-permanent and therefore there is the possibility of improvement. The objective of this case study is to design an evaluation plan to diagnose the learning difficulties presented in reading and writing by a 7-year-old 5-month-old; then to propose and implement the intervention plan that will improve the difficulties that the child presents in the predictors and lexical processes of reading and writing. Learning in reading and writing is affected because there is no an adequate development of reading and writing lexical processes (phonological and visual routes); showing a below-expected learning profile for grade and age. The results of the intervention show an improvement in reading and writing processes in relation to the components and capabilities programmed in the reading and writing areas; achievements evident in the correct use of b-d, g-j; by the visual and phonological route. In conclusion, the intervention plan proposed allowed the child to improve in reading and writing.
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Palabras clave
Lectura--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Escritura--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Psicología del aprendizaje (Educación), Trastornos del aprendizaje (Educación)