Transparencia corporativa aplicado al sector pesquero
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2020-06-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Actualmente, de acuerdo con el informe de Índice de Percepción de la Corrupción
(IPC) 2018 emitido por Transparencia Internacional, se puede observar un claro y
preocupante estancamiento de la lucha contra la corrupción en la mayoría de los países de
Latinoamérica, siendo Perú uno de los países que ha sufrido una baja en su ubicación
respecto al año anterior.
De igual manera, con los casos de corrupción descubiertos en el país recientemente la
población en general busca conocer a detalle el comportamiento y desarrollo de las empresas
más importantes del país por lo que se considera que todo desarrollo de trabajo académico
que pueda contribuir a combatir o disminuir los actos de corrupción e incrementar al mismo
tiempo la transparencia corporativa representan una oportunidad para el desarrollo de nuestro
país como sociedad.
Dado esto, se ha ejecutado la presente investigación con el propósito de medir la
Transparencia Corporativa con el que actúan las empresas peruanas, desarrollando para esto
un modelo de Índice de Transparencia Corporativa (ITC) que puede ser aplicado a cualquier
empresa independientemente del sector económico al que pertenezca.
Este modelo de ITC ha sido desarrollado siguiendo la metodología del OCDE,
considerándose el uso de ponderaciones equitativas para reducir la subjetividad del modelo.
La propuesta de Índice de Transparencia Corporativa cuenta con seis dimensiones, que a la
vez están conformados por 19 factores y 32 variables. Es importante mencionar que toda la
información para construir el modelo de ITC es recabada de fuentes de información abierta
como son las páginas de internet donde la información es obtenida principalmente de las
páginas web de las compañías, superintendencia de mercados de valores, clasificadoras de
riesgos, etc.
Como ejemplo práctico, el ITC desarrollado ha sido aplicado al sector pesquero del país con el objetivo de conocer el nivel de transparencia corporativa con el que las empresas
de este sector desarrollan sus actividades. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un puntaje de 54
puntos de un total de 100 puntos, ubicándose de esta manera en el nivel medio de
Transparencia Corporativa.
Se concluye que el sector pesquero peruano no posee una cultura alta en
Transparencia Corporativa porque no está obligada a pertenecer a la Bolsa de Valores y, por
ello no reporta informes financieros; así como el envío de información a la Superintendencia
de Mercado de Valores.
Currently, according to the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2018 report issued by Transparency International, a clear and worrying stagnation in the fight against corruption can be observed in most Latin American countries, with Peru being one of the countries that has suffered a drop in its CPI score with respect to the previous year. Likewise, with the corruption cases recently discovered in the country, the population in general wants to know in detail the behavior and development of the most important companies in the country, so it is considered that any development of academic work that can contribute to fight or reduce the acts of corruption and at the same time increase corporate transparency represents an opportunity for the development of our country as a society. Given this, the present investigation has been carried out with the purpose of measuring the Corporate Transparency with which Peruvian companies operate, developing for this a Model of Corporate Transparency Index (ITC) that can be applied to any company regardless of the economic sector to which it belongs. This ITC model has been developed following the OECD methodology, with the use of equitable weights being considered to reduce the subjectivity of the model. The proposed Corporate Transparency Index has six dimensions, which are made up of 19 factors and 32 variables. It is important to mention that all the information used to build the ITC model is gathered from open information sources such as internet pages where the information is obtained mainly from the companies' websites, securities market superintendence, risk classifiers, etc. As a practical example, the ITC developed has been applied to the country's fishing sector with the objective of knowing the level of corporate transparency with which companies in this sector carry out their activities. The results obtained show a score of 54 points out of a total of 100 points, thus placing in the middle level of Corporate Transparency. It is concluded that the Peruvian fishing sector does not have a high culture in Corporate Transparency because it is not required to belong to the Stock Exchange and, therefore, does not report financial reports; as well as the sending of information to the Superintendence of Securities Market.
Currently, according to the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2018 report issued by Transparency International, a clear and worrying stagnation in the fight against corruption can be observed in most Latin American countries, with Peru being one of the countries that has suffered a drop in its CPI score with respect to the previous year. Likewise, with the corruption cases recently discovered in the country, the population in general wants to know in detail the behavior and development of the most important companies in the country, so it is considered that any development of academic work that can contribute to fight or reduce the acts of corruption and at the same time increase corporate transparency represents an opportunity for the development of our country as a society. Given this, the present investigation has been carried out with the purpose of measuring the Corporate Transparency with which Peruvian companies operate, developing for this a Model of Corporate Transparency Index (ITC) that can be applied to any company regardless of the economic sector to which it belongs. This ITC model has been developed following the OECD methodology, with the use of equitable weights being considered to reduce the subjectivity of the model. The proposed Corporate Transparency Index has six dimensions, which are made up of 19 factors and 32 variables. It is important to mention that all the information used to build the ITC model is gathered from open information sources such as internet pages where the information is obtained mainly from the companies' websites, securities market superintendence, risk classifiers, etc. As a practical example, the ITC developed has been applied to the country's fishing sector with the objective of knowing the level of corporate transparency with which companies in this sector carry out their activities. The results obtained show a score of 54 points out of a total of 100 points, thus placing in the middle level of Corporate Transparency. It is concluded that the Peruvian fishing sector does not have a high culture in Corporate Transparency because it is not required to belong to the Stock Exchange and, therefore, does not report financial reports; as well as the sending of information to the Superintendence of Securities Market.
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Palabras clave
Transparencia corporativa--Perú, Sector pesquero--Perú
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