Despegue frustrado: costo de vida y estándares de vida en el Perú durante el siglo XIX
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2016-03-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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Basado en diversas fuentes primarias, este artículo presenta estimaciones del costo de vida y de los estándares de vida para Lima, Perú durante el siglo XIX. Durante ese siglo, dicho país experimentó profundas fluctuaciones en la actividad económica debido a las guerras de independencia, la guerra del Pacífico y al auge monoexportador. Estos factores alimentaron un importante proceso inflacionario durante la era del guano que tuvo efectos adversos en los estándares de vida de las clases populares.Es de notar que los estándares de vida llegaron a su punto máximo a mediados de la década de 1850 mientras que el PBI per cápita lo hizo dos décadas más tarde. Estos resultados sugieren que la bonanza del guano no logró mejorar el bienestar económico de las clases populares de manera sustentable. A pesar de alcanzar niveles similares a Inglaterra, estos beneficios se evaporaron hacia el fin de siglo.
Based on a variety of archival sources, this paper presents estimations for cost of living and living standards for Lima, Peru during the 19th century. During this century Peru experienced deep swings in economic activity marked by the independence wars, the War of the Pacific, and a commodity boom. These new series show that a sizable inflationary period during the guano age had dampeningeffects on the living standards of the popular class. While living standards peaked by mid 1850s, GDP per capita did not do so until two decades later. These results suggest that the guano bonanza failed to lift working-class living standards above subsistence levels. Even though living standards climbed steadily, almost reaching those of England, all these gains were lost by the end of the century.
Based on a variety of archival sources, this paper presents estimations for cost of living and living standards for Lima, Peru during the 19th century. During this century Peru experienced deep swings in economic activity marked by the independence wars, the War of the Pacific, and a commodity boom. These new series show that a sizable inflationary period during the guano age had dampeningeffects on the living standards of the popular class. While living standards peaked by mid 1850s, GDP per capita did not do so until two decades later. These results suggest that the guano bonanza failed to lift working-class living standards above subsistence levels. Even though living standards climbed steadily, almost reaching those of England, all these gains were lost by the end of the century.
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levels of living, Costs of living, Economic growth
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