La felicidad en los estudiantes de educación superior en Lima metropolitana
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Date
2018-12-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Con el propósito de describir el nivel de felicidad que tienen los estudiantes de educación
superior en Lima Metropolitana se diseñó una investigación no experimental, de alcance
descriptivo y transeccional; así como con enfoque cuantitativo, lo que permitió analizar los
resultados utilizando diversas herramientas estadísticas. El trabajo se desarrolló bajo la
premisa de que la felicidad es un estado afectivo y subjetivo, pero de carácter permanente, el
cual se manifiesta a través de satisfacción con los logros obtenidos y con la vida en sí misma.
Luego de hacer una extensa revisión de la literatura, con la cual se identificaron y analizaron
distintos modelos para medir la variable, se seleccionó la Escala de la Felicidad, que fue
creado por Alarcón (2006), para el contexto peruano y específicamente para el estudio de
jóvenes estudiantes. El instrumento de la investigación tiene 27 ítems que se ordenan en torno
a cuatro factores: (a) sentido positivo de la vida, (b) satisfacción con la vida, (c) realización
personal, y (d) alegría de vivir. La población de la investigación estuvo integrada por 290,954
estudiantes de Lima Metropolitana, los cuales cursaban sus estudios universitarios en alguna
de las 23 universidad existentes, de las cuales cuatro son públicas y 19 privadas. El
cuestionario se aplicó a una muestra de 384 sujetos, seleccionados aleatoriamente, y los datos
recopilados permitieron concluir que los estudiantes de educación superior de Lima
Metropolitana tienen un nivel de felicidad igual a 3.80, es decir medio-alto. Además, se
determinó que el género, la edad y el año de carrera que cursan no influye en su grado de
felicidad; pero el tipo de universidad si crea una diferencia estadísticamente significativa,
encontrándose que los estudiantes de universidades privadas tienen un nivel de felicidad
superior al de los estudiantes de universidades públicas. Sobre la base de los resultados de la
investigación se desarrolló un plan de acción que contempla distintas medidas como la
designación de asesores para que cada estudiante pueda contar con un plan de carrera realista
y acorde con sus expectativas.
With the purpose of describing the level of happiness that students of higher education have in Metropolitan Lima, a non-experimental research was designed, with a descriptive and transeccional scope; as well as with a quantitative approach, which allowed analyzing the results using various statistical tools. The work was developed under the premise that happiness is an affective and subjective state, but permanent, which is manifested through satisfaction with the achievements and life itself. After making an extensive review of the literature, with which different models were identified and analyzed to measure the variable, the Scale of Happiness was selected, which was created by Alarcón (2006), for the Peruvian context and specifically for the study of young students. The research instrument has 27 items that are organized around four factors: (a) positive sense of life, (b) satisfaction with life, (c) personal fulfillment, and (d) joy of living. The population of the research was composed of 290,954 students from Metropolitan Lima, who were studying at one of the 23 existing universities, of which four are public and 19 private. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 384 subjects, randomly selected, and the data collected allowed us to conclude that the students of higher education in Metropolitan Lima have a level of happiness equal to 3.80, that is, medium-high. In addition, it was determined that the gender, age and career year that they studied did not influence their degree of happiness; but the type of university does create a statistically significant difference, finding that students from private universities have a higher level of happiness than students from public universities. Based on the results of the research, an action plan was developed that includes different measures such as the appointment of advisors so that each student can have a realistic career plan that is in line with their expectations.
With the purpose of describing the level of happiness that students of higher education have in Metropolitan Lima, a non-experimental research was designed, with a descriptive and transeccional scope; as well as with a quantitative approach, which allowed analyzing the results using various statistical tools. The work was developed under the premise that happiness is an affective and subjective state, but permanent, which is manifested through satisfaction with the achievements and life itself. After making an extensive review of the literature, with which different models were identified and analyzed to measure the variable, the Scale of Happiness was selected, which was created by Alarcón (2006), for the Peruvian context and specifically for the study of young students. The research instrument has 27 items that are organized around four factors: (a) positive sense of life, (b) satisfaction with life, (c) personal fulfillment, and (d) joy of living. The population of the research was composed of 290,954 students from Metropolitan Lima, who were studying at one of the 23 existing universities, of which four are public and 19 private. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 384 subjects, randomly selected, and the data collected allowed us to conclude that the students of higher education in Metropolitan Lima have a level of happiness equal to 3.80, that is, medium-high. In addition, it was determined that the gender, age and career year that they studied did not influence their degree of happiness; but the type of university does create a statistically significant difference, finding that students from private universities have a higher level of happiness than students from public universities. Based on the results of the research, an action plan was developed that includes different measures such as the appointment of advisors so that each student can have a realistic career plan that is in line with their expectations.
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Keywords
Felicidad y satisfacción, Educación superior, Investigación cuantitativa
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