Creación de valor y estrategia en el sector de la construcción en el Perú
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2022-02-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente estudio describe el proceso de creación de valor de las empresas
constructoras a partir de sus decisiones estratégicas. En un sector como el de la construcción
con baja productividad, retrasos, sobrecostos y clientes insatisfechos, pero con un gran
impacto en la sociedad y el ambiente, en la economía mundial y que atiende a todos los otros
sectores económicos, es necesario y urgente adoptar una postura pragmática e
interdisciplinaria para entender su problemática.
El estudio emplea el paradigma cualitativo basado en estudios de caso de siete
gerentes generales de empresas constructoras en el Perú de distintos tamaños. Los resultados
muestran que el proceso de creación de valor de la mayoría de empresas tiene un enfoque
centrado en el producto, lo cual, de acuerdo a la literatura, podría limitar su capacidad de
crear valor. Asimismo, se identificaron ciertas contradicciones entre las decisiones
estratégicas tomadas por las compañías, las percepciones y creencias de los entrevistados y la
realidad que observan, las cuales pueden ser producto de la influencia de la lógica dominante
en la economía basada en manufactura.
El estudio propone dos marcos conceptuales. El primero de ellos, denominado
“Modelo Tradicional de Creación de Valor”, permite a las empresas entender la influencia e
impacto de la lógica dominante en la economía basada en el intercambio de bienes
manufacturados, así como reconocer contradicciones. El segundo de ellos, denominado
“Modelo de Co-creación de Valor”, basado en la lógica dominante de servicio, permite
inspirar a las empresas a encontrar nuevas formas de crear valor.
La originalidad del estudio radica en proveer al lector la capacidad de re-pensar e
innovar en un sector principalmente centrado en el producto tangible y cuya aspiración está
orientada a la industria manufacturera, pero partiendo desde una nueva perspectiva, más
acorde a la realidad observada.
This study describes the process of value creation for construction companies based on their strategic decisions. In a sector such as construction with low productivity, delays, cost overruns, and unsatisfied customers, but with a significant impact on society, environment, on the world economy and that serves all other economic sectors, it's necessary and urgent to adopt a pragmatic and interdisciplinary stance to understand their problems. The study uses the qualitative paradigm based on case studies of seven general managers of Peruvian construction companies of different sizes. The results show that the value creation process of most companies has a product-centered approach, which, according to the literature, could limit their ability to create value. Likewise, part of the strategic decisions made by the companies went identified as contradictions between them. Also, the perceptions, beliefs, and reality that the interviewees observe may be the product of the dominant logic influence of the manufacturing-based economy. The study proposes two conceptual frameworks. The first is the Traditional Value Creation Model. It allows companies to understand the influence and impact of dominant logic in the economy. Based on the exchange of manufactured goods, as well as to notice some contradictions. The second one is called the value Co-creation Model based on the service-dominant logic, allowing companies to be inspired to find new ways to create value. The originality of the study lies in providing the reader with the ability to rethink and innovate in a sector mainly focused on the tangible product and whose aspiration is oriented to the manufacturing industry, but starting from a new perspective, more in line with the observed reality.
This study describes the process of value creation for construction companies based on their strategic decisions. In a sector such as construction with low productivity, delays, cost overruns, and unsatisfied customers, but with a significant impact on society, environment, on the world economy and that serves all other economic sectors, it's necessary and urgent to adopt a pragmatic and interdisciplinary stance to understand their problems. The study uses the qualitative paradigm based on case studies of seven general managers of Peruvian construction companies of different sizes. The results show that the value creation process of most companies has a product-centered approach, which, according to the literature, could limit their ability to create value. Likewise, part of the strategic decisions made by the companies went identified as contradictions between them. Also, the perceptions, beliefs, and reality that the interviewees observe may be the product of the dominant logic influence of the manufacturing-based economy. The study proposes two conceptual frameworks. The first is the Traditional Value Creation Model. It allows companies to understand the influence and impact of dominant logic in the economy. Based on the exchange of manufactured goods, as well as to notice some contradictions. The second one is called the value Co-creation Model based on the service-dominant logic, allowing companies to be inspired to find new ways to create value. The originality of the study lies in providing the reader with the ability to rethink and innovate in a sector mainly focused on the tangible product and whose aspiration is oriented to the manufacturing industry, but starting from a new perspective, more in line with the observed reality.
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Creación de valor, Industria de la construcción--Administración, Industria de la construcción--Perú, Empresas constructoras
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