Gestión de la innovación y tecnología en empresas peruanas de la industria química pertenecientes al sector manufactura
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2021-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El nivel de competitividad actual de las empresas peruanas se mantiene en posiciones
inferiores con respecto a otros países. Criterios como la innovación y la tecnología, que están
directamente relacionados con la competitividad, resultan relevantes de ser estudiados con el
propósito de detectar las brechas y establecer oportunidades de mejora.
El objetivo general de la presente investigación es diagnosticar las actividades
tecnológicas y de innovación en las empresas peruanas de la industria Química pertenecientes
al sector Manufactura en el periodo 2017 y 2018. Mediante dicho diagnóstico se
determinaron distintas oportunidades de mejora y las sugerencias para llevar a cabo su
implementación. Para lograr dicho objetivo, se siguieron las pautas enmarcadas en la
metodología de investigación: mediante un enfoque cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo, y a
través de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se encuestaron a siete empresas de
la industria química mediante el instrumento denominado “Encuesta sobre la innovación en
las empresas” proveniente del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) de España, previamente
adaptado. Los principales hallazgos denotan que el 100% de las empresas han realizado algún
tipo de actividad de I+D de forma continua y los principales objetivos están orientados en
obtener nuevos y mejores productos, así como una mayor penetración y participación de
mercado. En cuanto al tipo de innovaciones, las innovaciones de productos y procesos son las
más utilizadas en comparación con las innovaciones organizativas y las innovaciones de
comercialización, con bajo grado de novedad para el mercado. La forma de innovar de mayor
preferencia fue a través de la compra, tanto de activos o elementos tangibles como de
intangibles, la formación/capacitación y la introducción de innovaciones al mercado (71.4%
de las empresas). En cuanto a los recursos financieros destinados a proyectos de innovación,
únicamente el 14.3% de las empresas recibió financiamiento de algún organismo del Estado Peruano durante el año 2018. Las principales barreras en innovación detectadas están
relacionadas a los factores de mercado y factores de coste / económicos.
The current competitiveness level of Peruvian companies remains in lower positions compared to other countries. Criteria such as innovation and technology, which are directly related to competitiveness, are relevant to be studied in order to detect gaps and propose opportunities for improvement. The main purpose of this research is to diagnose the technological and innovation activities in Peruvian companies of the Chemical industry belonging to the Manufacturing sector, developed between 2017 and 2018. Through this diagnosis, different opportunities for improvement and implementation suggestions were determined. To achieve this goal, the guidelines framed in the research methodology were followed: through a quantitative approach with a descriptive scope, and through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, seven companies in the chemical industry were surveyed using the instrument called “Survey on innovation in companies” from the National Institute of Statistics (INE) of Spain, previously adapted. The main findings denote that 100% of the companies have carried out some type of R&D activity on a continuous basis and the main objectives are focused on obtaining new and better products, as well as greater market share. Regarding the type of innovations, product and process innovations are the most used compared to organizational and marketing innovations, with a low degree of originality for the market. The most preferred way of innovating was through the purchase of both tangible and intangible assets, training and the introduction of innovations to the market (71.4% of companies). In terms of financial resources oriented to innovation projects, only 14.3% of the companies received financing from a national entity of the Peruvian Government during 2018. The main innovation barriers detected are related to market factors and economic factors.
The current competitiveness level of Peruvian companies remains in lower positions compared to other countries. Criteria such as innovation and technology, which are directly related to competitiveness, are relevant to be studied in order to detect gaps and propose opportunities for improvement. The main purpose of this research is to diagnose the technological and innovation activities in Peruvian companies of the Chemical industry belonging to the Manufacturing sector, developed between 2017 and 2018. Through this diagnosis, different opportunities for improvement and implementation suggestions were determined. To achieve this goal, the guidelines framed in the research methodology were followed: through a quantitative approach with a descriptive scope, and through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, seven companies in the chemical industry were surveyed using the instrument called “Survey on innovation in companies” from the National Institute of Statistics (INE) of Spain, previously adapted. The main findings denote that 100% of the companies have carried out some type of R&D activity on a continuous basis and the main objectives are focused on obtaining new and better products, as well as greater market share. Regarding the type of innovations, product and process innovations are the most used compared to organizational and marketing innovations, with a low degree of originality for the market. The most preferred way of innovating was through the purchase of both tangible and intangible assets, training and the introduction of innovations to the market (71.4% of companies). In terms of financial resources oriented to innovation projects, only 14.3% of the companies received financing from a national entity of the Peruvian Government during 2018. The main innovation barriers detected are related to market factors and economic factors.
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Industrias químicas, Innovaciones tecnológicas, Manufacturas--Perú
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