Microcrédito y crecimiento regional en el Perú
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Date
2011
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio es hacer una evaluación cuantitativa del impacto que la expansión del microcrédito ha tenido sobre crecimiento de la actividad económica en las regiones peruanas. Teniendo como marco conceptual la teoría desarrollada sobre el vínculo entre el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo financiero y con información anual para 24 regiones del país en el periodo 2001 – 2008, se estima un modelo de datos de panel que tiene como variable dependiente la tasa de crecimiento del PBI per cápita y como variables explicativas las colocaciones de los distintos tipos de instituciones microfinancieras como porcentaje del PBI, las colocaciones bancarias en porcentaje del PBI y otras variables que afectan el crecimiento económico. La evidencia encontrada sugiere que la expansión microfinanciera tiene un impacto positivo en el crecimiento del nivel de actividad de las regiones a diferencia de lo que ocurre con la expansión de la intermediación bancaria. Un ejercicio de estática comparativa muestra que si las colocaciones de las CMAC, CRAC y bancos especializados llegan a alcanzar el 10% del PBI, la tasa de crecimiento del PBI per cápita se elevaría en por lo menos 4 puntos porcentuales. En las regiones de mayor índice de pobreza este incremento es mucho más impactante y significativo.
The objective of this study is to make a quantitative evaluation of the impact that the expansion of the microcredit has had on the growth of the economic activity in the Peruvian regions. Having as a theoretical framework the developed theory to analyze the relationship between economic growth and financial development and with annual information for 24 regions of the country in period 2001 – 2008, a panel data model is estimated with per capita GDP growth like dependent variable and the loans provided by various types of microfinance institutions, the loans of the commercial banks and other variables that affect the economic growth like explanatory variables. The found evidence suggests that the microfinancial expansion has a positive impact in the growth of the economic activity of the regions unlike which it happens with the expansion of the banking intermediation. A comparative static exercise show that if the loans of CMAC, CRAC and specialized banks get to rich 10% of the GDP in each region, the rate of growth of the GDP per capita would rise in at least 4 percentage points. In the regions with greater poverty increase is more impressive and significant.
The objective of this study is to make a quantitative evaluation of the impact that the expansion of the microcredit has had on the growth of the economic activity in the Peruvian regions. Having as a theoretical framework the developed theory to analyze the relationship between economic growth and financial development and with annual information for 24 regions of the country in period 2001 – 2008, a panel data model is estimated with per capita GDP growth like dependent variable and the loans provided by various types of microfinance institutions, the loans of the commercial banks and other variables that affect the economic growth like explanatory variables. The found evidence suggests that the microfinancial expansion has a positive impact in the growth of the economic activity of the regions unlike which it happens with the expansion of the banking intermediation. A comparative static exercise show that if the loans of CMAC, CRAC and specialized banks get to rich 10% of the GDP in each region, the rate of growth of the GDP per capita would rise in at least 4 percentage points. In the regions with greater poverty increase is more impressive and significant.
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Microfinanzas--Perú, Crecimiento económico--Perú--2001-2009, Desarrollo regional--Perú--2001-2009
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