¿Ser o no ser?: Un análisis del estándar europeo de derechos humanos sobre la limitación al uso del velo integral musulmán
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2024-03-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
En el presente artículo el problema principal abordado es la limitación del uso de
objetos religiosos, especialmente el velo integral musulmán, como intervención
al derecho a la libertad religiosa protegido en el artículo noveno del Convenio
Europeo de Derechos Humanos (CEDH). El objetivo de la investigación es
examinar cómo los Estados europeos justifican y aplican estas restricciones, así
como evaluar la postura del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (TEDH) en
estos casos para construir un estándar de la limitación en base a su
jurisprudencia.
El estudio revela que diversos Estados europeos han implementado
prohibiciones del burka y el nicab en espacios públicos, citando razones de
laicidad, igualdad de género, seguridad y protección de los derechos y libertades
de los demás. A través del análisis de sentencias del TEDH, se observa que el
tribunal evalúa estas restricciones aplicando un amplio margen de apreciación
en la aplicación del principio de proporcionalidad. Asimismo, a lo largo de su
jurisprudencia el TEDH permite que la exclusión cuando se trata de velos usados
por mujeres musulmanas y la inclusión cuando se trata de vestimentas usadas
por hombres musulmanes y objetos católicos.
Finalmente, se realiza un análisis propio basado el en CEDH y la propia
jurisprudencia del TEDH donde se concluye que la prohibición de los velos
integrales es una medida que vulnera el derecho a la libertad religiosa, no
siempre se persigue un fin legítimo, existen medidas menos lesivas y no es
necesaria en una sociedad democrática.
In this article, the main issue addressed is the restriction on the use of religious objects, specifically the full-face veil, as an infringement on the right to religious freedom protected under ninth article of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The research objective is to examine how European states justify and implement these restrictions and to evaluate the stance of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in these cases to establish a standard for limitations based on its jurisprudence. The study reveals that various European states have imposed bans on burka or nicab in public spaces, citing reasons related to secularism, gender equality, security, and the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. Through the analysis of ECtHR judgments, it is observed that the court assesses these restrictions by applying a broad margin of appreciation in the application of the proportionality principle. Additionally, throughout its jurisprudence, the ECtHR allows for exclusion in the case of veils worn by Muslim women and inclusion in the case of clothing worn by Muslim men and Catholic religious objects. Finally, an independent analysis is conducted based on the ECHR and the ECtHR's jurisprudence, concluding that the prohibition of full-face veils is a measure that violates the right to religious freedom. It is not always pursued for a legitimate purpose, less restrictive measures are available, and it is not necessary in a democratic society.
In this article, the main issue addressed is the restriction on the use of religious objects, specifically the full-face veil, as an infringement on the right to religious freedom protected under ninth article of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The research objective is to examine how European states justify and implement these restrictions and to evaluate the stance of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in these cases to establish a standard for limitations based on its jurisprudence. The study reveals that various European states have imposed bans on burka or nicab in public spaces, citing reasons related to secularism, gender equality, security, and the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. Through the analysis of ECtHR judgments, it is observed that the court assesses these restrictions by applying a broad margin of appreciation in the application of the proportionality principle. Additionally, throughout its jurisprudence, the ECtHR allows for exclusion in the case of veils worn by Muslim women and inclusion in the case of clothing worn by Muslim men and Catholic religious objects. Finally, an independent analysis is conducted based on the ECHR and the ECtHR's jurisprudence, concluding that the prohibition of full-face veils is a measure that violates the right to religious freedom. It is not always pursued for a legitimate purpose, less restrictive measures are available, and it is not necessary in a democratic society.
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Libertad religiosa--Aspectos legales, Derecho internacional público, Derechos humanos--Jurisprudencia--Europa
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