Modelo Prolab: Humus de lombriz potenciado con nutrientes orgánicos de nitrógeno-potasio-fósforo (NPK) en presentación grow cubes, una propuesta sostenible para mejorar la calidad de los cultivos
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2024-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La agricultura como actividad económica gira en torno al rendimiento y estado de sus
suelos porque le significa un recurso indispensable para seguir produciendo con mayor
aprovechamiento de materia prima, en pro de obtener cosechas con productos de calidad según
las exigencias del mercado. Sin embargo, después de múltiples ciclos de siembra, sus suelos
terminan con un déficit de nutrientes, acidez y salinidad que no sólo merman la producción
esperada, sino también, aumentan sus gastos por la compra de abonos. Es más, con el deseo de
que estos abonos tengan rápidos efectos, se recurre a fertilizantes químicos, o llamados también
convencionales, que impactan negativamente en la calidad de los cultivos y la salud de quienes
los consumen. Por su parte, los hogares y las agroindustrias en el Perú generan grandes
cantidades de materia orgánica sin una adecuada gestión de residuos, que se convierten en foco
de gases de efecto invernadero.
Abordando esta problemática, planteamos como solución un abono de nueva fórmula que
es: orgánico; enriquecido con nitrógeno, potasio y fósforo (NPK); y de fácil aplicación; teniendo
como resultado el fortalecimiento del suelo; la reducción de costos y tiempos de producción; y la
mejora de la calidad de los cultivos. El proceso de producción de este abono supone una
adecuada gestión de residuos orgánicos, los que son procesados y destinados como alimento de
Lombrices Californianas para la producción de humus de lombriz, el cual es, a su vez,
potenciado con NPK. El abono es compactado y presentado en forma de cubículos de
crecimiento (grow cubes) que facilitan su uso, diferenciándose así de los productos que se
comercializan a granel en el mercado. De esta manera, la solución propuesta se concierne con los
Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2 (hambre cero) y 12 (producción y consumo responsables).
Finalmente, se estima un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de $1,682,600.76, con un Tasa
Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 161.77% y a esto se le suma 1,642.00 toneladas por mes (TN/mes) de residuos orgánicos reutilizados, cuando llega a alcanzar su máxima producción de cuatro
camas por mes. Sin duda, una solución con gran potencial y poder de escalabilidad, que por su
propia naturaleza está sincronizada con la economía circular.
Palabras claves: estado de sus suelos, humus de lombriz, grow cubes, economía circular.
Agriculture as an economic activity revolves around the performance and state of its soils because it means an essential resource to continue producing with greater use of raw materials, in order to obtain crops with quality products according to market demands. However, after multiple sowing cycles, their soils end up with a deficit of nutrients, acidity and salinity that not only reduce the expected production, but also increase your expenses for the purchase of fertilizers. Moreover, with the desire that these fertilizers have rapid effects, chemical fertilizers, or also called conventional ones, are used, which negatively impact the quality of the crops and the health of those who consume them. On the other hand, households and agro-industries in Peru generate large amounts of organic matter without proper waste management, which become a source of greenhouse gases Addressing this problem, we propose as a solution a fertilizer with a new formula that is: organic; enriched with nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (NPK); and easy to apply; resulting in the strengthening of the soil; the reduction of costs and production times; and improving the quality of crops. The production process of this fertilizer supposes an adequate management of organic waste, which is processed and destined as food for Californian Worms for the production of worm humus, which is, in turn, enhanced with NPK. The fertilizer is compacted and presented in the form of growth cubes (grow cubes) that facilitate its use, thus differentiating itself from the products that are sold in bulk on the market. Thus, the proposed solution is concerned with Sustainable Development Goals 2 (zero hunger) and 12 (responsible production and consumption). Finally, a Net Present Value (NPV) of $1,682,600.76 is estimated, with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 161.77% and to this is added 1,642.00 tons for month (TN/Month) of reused organic waste, when it reaches its maximum production of four beds. per month. Undoubtedly, a solution with great potential and scalability power, which by its very nature is synchronized with the circular economy. Keywords: soil condition, worm humus, grow cubes, circular economy.
Agriculture as an economic activity revolves around the performance and state of its soils because it means an essential resource to continue producing with greater use of raw materials, in order to obtain crops with quality products according to market demands. However, after multiple sowing cycles, their soils end up with a deficit of nutrients, acidity and salinity that not only reduce the expected production, but also increase your expenses for the purchase of fertilizers. Moreover, with the desire that these fertilizers have rapid effects, chemical fertilizers, or also called conventional ones, are used, which negatively impact the quality of the crops and the health of those who consume them. On the other hand, households and agro-industries in Peru generate large amounts of organic matter without proper waste management, which become a source of greenhouse gases Addressing this problem, we propose as a solution a fertilizer with a new formula that is: organic; enriched with nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (NPK); and easy to apply; resulting in the strengthening of the soil; the reduction of costs and production times; and improving the quality of crops. The production process of this fertilizer supposes an adequate management of organic waste, which is processed and destined as food for Californian Worms for the production of worm humus, which is, in turn, enhanced with NPK. The fertilizer is compacted and presented in the form of growth cubes (grow cubes) that facilitate its use, thus differentiating itself from the products that are sold in bulk on the market. Thus, the proposed solution is concerned with Sustainable Development Goals 2 (zero hunger) and 12 (responsible production and consumption). Finally, a Net Present Value (NPV) of $1,682,600.76 is estimated, with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 161.77% and to this is added 1,642.00 tons for month (TN/Month) of reused organic waste, when it reaches its maximum production of four beds. per month. Undoubtedly, a solution with great potential and scalability power, which by its very nature is synchronized with the circular economy. Keywords: soil condition, worm humus, grow cubes, circular economy.
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Suelos, Agricultura--Fertilizantes
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