Análisis financiero del sector de distribución eléctrica en Perú y Chile. Casos: Enel Distribución Perú, Luz del Sur, Enel Distribución Chile
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2022-11-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El sector de la industria eléctrica representa una pieza fundamental que impulsa el
desarrollo y crecimiento socioeconómico de un estado, puesto que la electricidad es
esencial para la producción de los bienes y servicios de una economía. Además, de
representar el componente básico en la creación de bienestar y calidad de vida de los
ciudadanos de un país del cual busca su desarrollo y avance. Por ello, resulta necesario
que el suministro de electricidad sea suficiente, confiable, seguro y competitivo para el
ahora y futuro, para la cual se requiere que todos los segmentos de la industria eléctrica
crezcan de manera articulada y con claros incentivos para que la oferta y demanda sean
sostenibles en el tiempo. Las proyecciones para la próxima década son favorables con
mayores planes de inversión en mejora en la calidad, digitalización y uso de tecnología
para bien de la población.
Con relación a los mercados de Perú y Chile, las perspectivas son favorables y
están respaldados por proyectos de implementación tecnológica, el respaldo de gobiernos
democráticos que incentivan a la inversión extranjera, entidades estatales reguladoras y
convivir en mercados con modelo de oligopolio que facilitan la barrera a la entrada de la
inversión. Cabe resalta, que las empresas seleccionadas son líderes en su país y están
respaldadas por grandes grupos económicos especializados donde su casa matriz se ubica
en Asia y Europa.
De esta manera, el presente trabajo de investigación representa el análisis
financiero comparativo realizado al sector de distribución eléctrica para las empresas
seleccionadas como comparables; los cuales se cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima
para las empresas de Enel Distribución Perú S.A.A como Luz del Sur S.A.A. y en la
Bolsa de Santiago de Chile, en el caso de Enel Distribución Chile S.A., del cual tiene como objetivo, el estudio de la valorización comparativa al cierre del ejercicio 2021, a fin
de brindar de modo consolidado una herramienta de consulta para inversionistas y/o
académicos e investigadores.
Por ello, el presente trabajo se ha dividido de la manera siguiente: El Capítulo I, se
describe la situación macroeconómica, perspectivas en los mercados de Perú y Chile,
además de las características del sector, mercado, crecimiento y tendencias. Para el
Capítulo II, se describe el valor patrimonial junto con los indicadores bursátiles y los
múltiplos del valor de la empresa. El Capítulo III, presenta las estrategias, los productos y
servicios además de los planes de inversión a futuro. En el Capítulo IV, se realiza un
análisis de los estados financieros de las compañías. En el Capítulo V, se identifica y
analiza los impulsores de valor adicionales, a través del análisis de mercado e información
de las clasificadoras de riesgo, con el objetivo de conocer el proceso y práctica de las
compañías y el impacto del beneficio del inversionista. Por el Capítulo VI, se analiza los
estados financieros a través de proyecciones; las cuales se valoriza y analiza los riesgos
asociados en diversos escenarios de sensibilidad. Para realizar la valorización se propone
el método de flujo de caja libre proyectado para los próximos 10 años, descontando los
flujos, a través de la tasa de costo promedio ponderado del capital (WACC) y para el
valor terminal, una tasa de crecimiento a perpetuidad “g” conforme a las prácticas del
mercado financiero nacional correspondiente. En el Capítulo VII, se ejecuta el análisis de
la estructura de capital y se realiza la proyección en el periodo 2022- 2026. En el Capítulo
VIII, se analiza el comparativo de valor, describiendo los ratios financieros y resultado
del análisis a los estados financieros. Finalmente, en el Capítulo IX, se plantean las
propuestas de reestructuración a través de la valorización analizada con el objeto
maximizar su valor y/o rentabilidad. Finalmente, del análisis financiero realizado, se obtiene como resultado que las
empresas del sector de distribución eléctrica presentan un valor de acción por encima de
lo cotizado en la BVL sea para Enel D. Perú donde el precio de la acción es de S/ 4.00 al
cierre del 2021, y se obtuvo en esta investigación S/ 7.18 con un incremento de +79.5%.
Para LDS, se muestra en la BVL el precio de la acción en S/ 14.24 al cierre del 2021, se
obtuvo en esta investigación S/ 16.12, resultando un incremento de +13.2%. Finalmente,
para Enel D. Chile, muestra en la BVS el precio de la acción a $ 887.03 pesos chilenos al
cierre del 2021, y se obtuvo en esta investigación $ 1,524.39 pesos chilenos, resultando un
incremento de +71.9%.
The electrical industry sector represents a fundamental piece that promotes the development and socioeconomic growth of a state, since electricity is essential for the production of goods and services in an economy. In addition, to represent the basic component in the creation of well-being and quality of life of the citizens of a country whose development and advancement it seeks. Therefore, it is necessary that the supply of electricity be sufficient, reliable, safe, and competitive for now and the future, for which it is required that all segments of the electricity industry grow in an articulated manner and with clear incentives so that the supply and demand are sustainable over time. The projections for the next decade are favorable with greater investment plans in improving quality, digitization and the use of technology for the benefit of the population. In relation to the markets of Peru and Chile, the prospects are favorable and are backed by technological implementation projects, the support of democratic governments that encourage foreign investment, regulatory state entities and coexistence in markets with an oligopoly model that facilitate the barrier at the entry of the investment. It should be noted that the selected companies are leaders in their country and are backed by large specialized economic groups whose headquarters are located in Asia and Europe. In this way, the present research work represents the comparative financial analysis carried out on the electricity distribution sector for the companies selected as comparable; which are listed on the Lima Stock Exchange for the companies of Enel Distribution Perú S.A.A such as Luz del Sur S.A.A. and on the Santiago de Chile Stock Exchange, in the case of Enel Distribution Chile S.A., whose objective is to study the comparative valuation at the end of fiscal year 2021, in order to provide a consolidated consultation tool for investors and / or academics and researchers. Therefore, this work has been divided as follows: Chapter I describes the macroeconomic situation, prospects in the markets of Peru and Chile, as well as the characteristics of the sector, market, growth and trends. For Chapter II, the equity value is described together with the stock indicators and the multiples of the value of the company. Chapter III presents the strategies, products, and services as well as future investment plans. In Chapter IV, an analysis of the financial statements of the companies is carried out. In Chapter V, the additional drivers of value are identified and analyzed, through market analysis and information from risk rating agencies, with the aim of knowing the process and practice of the companies and the impact of the investor's benefit. Through Chapter VI, the financial statements are analyzed through projections, which the associated risks are valued and analyzed in various sensitivity scenarios. To carry out the valuation, the projected free cash flow method is proposed for the next 10 years, discounting the flows, through the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) rate and for the terminal value, a growth rate in perpetuity. “g” according to the practices of the corresponding national financial market. In Chapter VII, the analysis of the capital structure is carried out and the projection is made in the period 2022-2026. In Chapter VIII, the comparative value is analyzed, describing the financial ratios and the result of the analysis of the financial statements. Finally, in Chapter IX, the restructuring proposals are presented through the valuation analyzed in order to maximize its value and/or profitability. Finally, from the financial analysis carried out, it is obtained as a result that the companies in the electricity distribution sector present a share value above that quoted on the BVL for Enel D. Peru, where the share price is S/ 4.00. at the end of 2021, and S/ 7.18 was obtained in this investigation with an increase of +79.5%. For LDS, the stock price is shown in the BVL at S/ 14.24 at the end of 2021, S/ 16.12 was obtained in this investigation, resulting in an increase of +13.2%. Finally, for Enel D. Chile, the BVS shows the share price at $887.03 Chilean pesos at the end of 2021, and $1,524.39 Chilean pesos was obtained in this investigation, resulting in an increase of +71.9%.
The electrical industry sector represents a fundamental piece that promotes the development and socioeconomic growth of a state, since electricity is essential for the production of goods and services in an economy. In addition, to represent the basic component in the creation of well-being and quality of life of the citizens of a country whose development and advancement it seeks. Therefore, it is necessary that the supply of electricity be sufficient, reliable, safe, and competitive for now and the future, for which it is required that all segments of the electricity industry grow in an articulated manner and with clear incentives so that the supply and demand are sustainable over time. The projections for the next decade are favorable with greater investment plans in improving quality, digitization and the use of technology for the benefit of the population. In relation to the markets of Peru and Chile, the prospects are favorable and are backed by technological implementation projects, the support of democratic governments that encourage foreign investment, regulatory state entities and coexistence in markets with an oligopoly model that facilitate the barrier at the entry of the investment. It should be noted that the selected companies are leaders in their country and are backed by large specialized economic groups whose headquarters are located in Asia and Europe. In this way, the present research work represents the comparative financial analysis carried out on the electricity distribution sector for the companies selected as comparable; which are listed on the Lima Stock Exchange for the companies of Enel Distribution Perú S.A.A such as Luz del Sur S.A.A. and on the Santiago de Chile Stock Exchange, in the case of Enel Distribution Chile S.A., whose objective is to study the comparative valuation at the end of fiscal year 2021, in order to provide a consolidated consultation tool for investors and / or academics and researchers. Therefore, this work has been divided as follows: Chapter I describes the macroeconomic situation, prospects in the markets of Peru and Chile, as well as the characteristics of the sector, market, growth and trends. For Chapter II, the equity value is described together with the stock indicators and the multiples of the value of the company. Chapter III presents the strategies, products, and services as well as future investment plans. In Chapter IV, an analysis of the financial statements of the companies is carried out. In Chapter V, the additional drivers of value are identified and analyzed, through market analysis and information from risk rating agencies, with the aim of knowing the process and practice of the companies and the impact of the investor's benefit. Through Chapter VI, the financial statements are analyzed through projections, which the associated risks are valued and analyzed in various sensitivity scenarios. To carry out the valuation, the projected free cash flow method is proposed for the next 10 years, discounting the flows, through the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) rate and for the terminal value, a growth rate in perpetuity. “g” according to the practices of the corresponding national financial market. In Chapter VII, the analysis of the capital structure is carried out and the projection is made in the period 2022-2026. In Chapter VIII, the comparative value is analyzed, describing the financial ratios and the result of the analysis of the financial statements. Finally, in Chapter IX, the restructuring proposals are presented through the valuation analyzed in order to maximize its value and/or profitability. Finally, from the financial analysis carried out, it is obtained as a result that the companies in the electricity distribution sector present a share value above that quoted on the BVL for Enel D. Peru, where the share price is S/ 4.00. at the end of 2021, and S/ 7.18 was obtained in this investigation with an increase of +79.5%. For LDS, the stock price is shown in the BVL at S/ 14.24 at the end of 2021, S/ 16.12 was obtained in this investigation, resulting in an increase of +13.2%. Finally, for Enel D. Chile, the BVS shows the share price at $887.03 Chilean pesos at the end of 2021, and $1,524.39 Chilean pesos was obtained in this investigation, resulting in an increase of +71.9%.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Empresas--Finanzas, Estados financieros--Análisis, Empresas eléctricas--Perú, Empresas eléctricas--Chile
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