Propuesta de indicador compuesto de Integridad Corporativa
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2021-08-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Los casos de corrupción empresariales han sido un tema frecuente y delicado durante el
último lustro sobre todo en Latinoamérica, que han impactado las instituciones públicas de
más alto nivel inclusive. Es en este contexto que se identifica la necesidad de conocer qué tan
íntegra es una corporación en el tiempo, para intentar evitar o reducir que ocurran casos como
los indicados. Si bien la Integridad Corporativa es un concepto relativamente nuevo, que ha
estado ganando relevancia en el ámbito mundial durante las dos últimas décadas, en el país
no existían investigaciones que permitiesen medirlo. Esta investigación busca crear un Índice
de Integridad Corporativa (IIC) que mediante las cinco dimensiones propuestas (i.e.,
liderazgo, entrenamiento ético, cultura organizacional, creación de valor compartido 2.0 e
interrelación con instituciones y sus grupos de interés) permita diagnosticar en un momento
dado del tiempo, el nivel de integridad con el que operan las diversas organizaciones (i.e.,
privadas o públicas) en el mundo. Para la creación del IIC, se aplicó la metodología de
Construcción de Indicadores Compuestos propuesta por la Organización para la Cooperación
y Desarrollo Económico (OCDE, 2008) y se tomó como referencia para el dimensionamiento
el modelo de Parámetros Globales de Ética e Integridad 2020 desarrollado por Dubinsky y
Richter. Para una mayor robustez del IIC propuesto, la validación de contenido a través del
juicio de expertos fue decisiva, en la que, mediante la opinión informada de personas con
amplia trayectoria en el tópico, se obtuvo valiosa retroalimentación en cuanto a información,
evidencia, juicios y valoraciones. Con el propósito de evidenciar el significado, utilidad y
alcance de la herramienta IIC, se estableció su aplicación en siete empresas de diferentes
sectores, rubros y tamaños y, para ello, se seleccionó a un ejecutivo representativo de alto
nivel por cada una de las empresas. Finalmente, el análisis de los resultados de la aplicación
de la herramienta IIC, evidencia aún más la relevancia de la integridad corporativa, lo cual se
convierte en un tópico actual de alto interés para futuras investigaciones.
Corporate corruption cases have been a frequent and delicate issue during the last five years, especially in Latin America, and have impacted public institutions at the highest level. It is in this context that the need to know how integral a corporation is over time is identified, in order to try to avoid or reduce the occurrence of cases such as those indicated. Although Corporate Integrity is a relatively new concept, which has been gaining relevance worldwide during the last two decades, there was no research in the country to measure it. This research seeks to create a Corporate Integrity Index (CII) that through the five proposed dimensions (i.e., leadership, ethical training, organizational culture, creation of shared value 2.0 and interrelation with institutions and stakeholders) allows to measure at a given moment in time, the level of integrity with which the various organizations (i.e., private or public) operate in the world. For the creation of the IIC, the Composite Indicator Construction methodology proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2008) was applied and the Global Ethics and Integrity 2020 Parameters model developed by Dubinsky and Richter was taken as a reference for sizing. For greater robustness of the proposed IIC, content validation through expert judgment was decisive, in which, through the informed opinion of people with extensive experience in the topic, valuable feedback was obtained in terms of information, evidence, judgments and assessments. In order to demonstrate the meaning, usefulness and scope of the IIC tool, its application was established in seven companies of different sectors, industries and sizes and, for this purpose, a representative high-level executive was selected for each of the companies. Finally, the analysis of the results of the application of the IIC tool further evidences the relevance of corporate integrity, which becomes a current topic of high interest for future research.
Corporate corruption cases have been a frequent and delicate issue during the last five years, especially in Latin America, and have impacted public institutions at the highest level. It is in this context that the need to know how integral a corporation is over time is identified, in order to try to avoid or reduce the occurrence of cases such as those indicated. Although Corporate Integrity is a relatively new concept, which has been gaining relevance worldwide during the last two decades, there was no research in the country to measure it. This research seeks to create a Corporate Integrity Index (CII) that through the five proposed dimensions (i.e., leadership, ethical training, organizational culture, creation of shared value 2.0 and interrelation with institutions and stakeholders) allows to measure at a given moment in time, the level of integrity with which the various organizations (i.e., private or public) operate in the world. For the creation of the IIC, the Composite Indicator Construction methodology proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2008) was applied and the Global Ethics and Integrity 2020 Parameters model developed by Dubinsky and Richter was taken as a reference for sizing. For greater robustness of the proposed IIC, content validation through expert judgment was decisive, in which, through the informed opinion of people with extensive experience in the topic, valuable feedback was obtained in terms of information, evidence, judgments and assessments. In order to demonstrate the meaning, usefulness and scope of the IIC tool, its application was established in seven companies of different sectors, industries and sizes and, for this purpose, a representative high-level executive was selected for each of the companies. Finally, the analysis of the results of the application of the IIC tool further evidences the relevance of corporate integrity, which becomes a current topic of high interest for future research.
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Transparencia corporativa, Cultura corporativa
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