Análisis espacial del hábitat de la vicuña (Vicugna Vicugna) en relación a las actividades de la comunidad campesina de Tanta, Yauyos, Lima
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Date
2015-07-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El uso y manejo de los recursos es clave para el desarrollo sostenible. En el Perú los
ecosistemas alto-andinos son susceptibles a la degradación debido al sobre-pastoreo
y cambio climático. Por ello, se hacen necesarias investigación y prácticas que
contribuyan al manejo sostenible de los recursos. El área de estudio presenta estas
características. Se trata de la Comunidad Campesina de Tanta, en Yauyos y parte de
la Reserva Paisajística Nor Yauyos Cochas. Tanta alberga una población silvestre de
vicuñas que puede considerarse clave para la conservación, adaptación y desarrollo
sostenible. Sin embargo, algunas actividades locales impactan de forma negativa en
sus ecosistemas. El proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar
las relaciones espaciales e impactos de las actividades de la Comunidad Campesina
de Tanta sobre el hábitat y la distribución de la vicuña.
Se determinaron las zonas utilizadas por las actividades socio-económicas de la
población que puedan influir sobre el hábitat de la vicuña. Para ello se empleó el
método de mapeo participativo. Mediante imágenes satelitales y herramientas SIG se
analizó el hábitat de la vicuña y su distribución potencial se modeló con el software
MaxEnt. Finalmente se analizaron las relaciones espaciales entre los elementos
mencionados, con la finalidad de determinar las influencias o impactos sobre el hábitat
de la vicuña. La investigación concluye con un balance de las perspectivas y
estrategias para el manejo sostenible de la vicuña en el área de estudio.
La investigación propuesta es de interés para la comunidad local y agentes de
conservación. Su relevancia reside en que provee conocimientos y estrategias que
pueden aplicarse en el manejo de vicuñas, pastizales y ganado. Aportes principales
son la integración de métodos de geografía humana y física, así como la difusión de
habilidades para la solución de problemas vinculados al ambiente.
Resources management is a key topic to sustainable development. Puna ecosystems in Peruvian Andes are susceptible to degradation due to overgrazing and climate change impacts. Hence, investigation and practices that contribute to sustainable resources management are needed. These issues affect the study area, the peasant community of Tanta, part of a Natural Protected Area in Yauyos. Tanta is home to a wild vicugna population, which can be viewed as a key resource for conservation, adaptation and sustainable development. Yet, local activities impact negatively on their ecosystems. The research’s main purpose was to determine spatial relations and impacts of local population’s activities on vicugna’s habitat and distribution. Participatory mapping was applied to determine local community’s activities which could influence vicugna’s habitat. Vicugna’s actual habitat was analysed via satellite imagery and GIS, while MaxEnt was used to model the potential habitat. Spatial relations between these elements were analysed to determine impacts. The research concludes with perspectives and strategies towards a sustainable vicugna’s management in the study area. The research proved to be valuable to local community and national conservation agents. Its relevance relies in providing knowledge and strategies that can be applied in future vicugna and grassland management. Main contributions are the integration of methods from human and physical geography, as well as sharing abilities in the comprehension and solution of environmental related problems.
Resources management is a key topic to sustainable development. Puna ecosystems in Peruvian Andes are susceptible to degradation due to overgrazing and climate change impacts. Hence, investigation and practices that contribute to sustainable resources management are needed. These issues affect the study area, the peasant community of Tanta, part of a Natural Protected Area in Yauyos. Tanta is home to a wild vicugna population, which can be viewed as a key resource for conservation, adaptation and sustainable development. Yet, local activities impact negatively on their ecosystems. The research’s main purpose was to determine spatial relations and impacts of local population’s activities on vicugna’s habitat and distribution. Participatory mapping was applied to determine local community’s activities which could influence vicugna’s habitat. Vicugna’s actual habitat was analysed via satellite imagery and GIS, while MaxEnt was used to model the potential habitat. Spatial relations between these elements were analysed to determine impacts. The research concludes with perspectives and strategies towards a sustainable vicugna’s management in the study area. The research proved to be valuable to local community and national conservation agents. Its relevance relies in providing knowledge and strategies that can be applied in future vicugna and grassland management. Main contributions are the integration of methods from human and physical geography, as well as sharing abilities in the comprehension and solution of environmental related problems.
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Keywords
Vicuñas--Perú--Lima, Comunidades campesinas--Perú--Lima
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