Modelo prolab: reducción de la contaminación por residuos plásticos mediante su aprovechamiento para producción de combustibles en Iquitos y Pucallpa
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Según el ministerio del ambiente, en 2016 Perú generó 708,000 toneladas de plásticos.
Asimismo, estima que solo se reciclan alrededor del 1.9 % de los materiales reciclables
(MINAM, 2018). La provincia de Maynas, conformado por los principales distritos urbanos
de la Región Loreto, con una población de 527,866 habitantes, es la provincia con mayor
densidad poblacional de este departamento (INEI: Censos nacionales 2017).
Siendo el clima caluroso (Iquitos y Pucallpa), la población tiene hábitos de consumo
de bebidas refrescantes, como gaseosas y agua desgasificada embotellada en envases de
plástico descartable, generando residuos plásticos que son en muchos casos tirados a la calle o
los ríos, siendo uno de los mayores contaminantes de la ciudad, debido a que estos envases no
son biodegradables.
Ante este problema social relevante de contaminación de las ciudades y ríos
amazónicos, con la finalidad de darle un uso productivo al plástico que se genera diariamente
como residuos de las bebidas gaseosas, bolsas y otro tipo de envases de plásticos, se considera
factible la instalación de una planta de producción de Gasolina de 90 octanos y diésel a través
de pirólisis, usando como materia prima el residuo plástico, permitiendo reducir
significativamente la contaminación y generando ingresos por la comercialización del
combustible obtenido a partir de este desperdicio.
La implementación de este proyecto permitirá reducir 2,190 Toneladas de residuos de
plástico por año entre las ciudades de Iquitos y Pucallpa, contribuyendo con el objetivo 12. de
los ODS. “Garantizar modalidades de consumo y producción sostenibles”. Este proyecto no
pretende sustituir el consumo de combustibles de ambas ciudades dado que apenas podrá
atender el 0.9% de lo requerido por ellas. Su principal objetivo es reducir significativamente
la contaminación en los ríos y zonas vulnerables de la selva peruana.
According to the Ministry of the Environment, in 2016, Peru generated 708,000 tons of plastics. Furthermore, it estimates that only 1.9% of recyclable materials are recycled (MINAM, 2018). The province of Maynas, consisting of the main urban districts of the Region -Loreto, with a population of 527,866 inhabitants, is the province with the highest population density in this department (INEI: National Censuses 2017). Due to the hot climate (Iquitos and Pucallpa), the population has consumption habits of refreshing drinks, such as soda and bottled deaerated water in disposable plastic containers, generating plastic waste that is often thrown on the street or rivers, being one of the major pollutants of the city, as these containers are not biodegradable. In light of this relevant social problem of pollution in the Amazonian cities and rivers, with the aim of giving productive use to the plastic generated daily as waste from soda, bags, and other types of plastic containers, it is considered feasible to install a 90 octane gasoline production plant through pyrolysis, using plastic waste as raw material, allowing to significantly reduce pollution and generating income from the commercialization of the fuel obtained from this waste. The implementation of this project will allow for the reduction of 2,190 tons of plastic waste per year between the cities of Iquitos and Pucallpa, contributing to Goal 12 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns." It does not intend to replace the consumption of fuels in both cities, as it will only be able to meet 0.9% of their requirements. Its main objective is to significantly reduce pollution in rivers and vulnerable areas of the Peruvian rainforest.
According to the Ministry of the Environment, in 2016, Peru generated 708,000 tons of plastics. Furthermore, it estimates that only 1.9% of recyclable materials are recycled (MINAM, 2018). The province of Maynas, consisting of the main urban districts of the Region -Loreto, with a population of 527,866 inhabitants, is the province with the highest population density in this department (INEI: National Censuses 2017). Due to the hot climate (Iquitos and Pucallpa), the population has consumption habits of refreshing drinks, such as soda and bottled deaerated water in disposable plastic containers, generating plastic waste that is often thrown on the street or rivers, being one of the major pollutants of the city, as these containers are not biodegradable. In light of this relevant social problem of pollution in the Amazonian cities and rivers, with the aim of giving productive use to the plastic generated daily as waste from soda, bags, and other types of plastic containers, it is considered feasible to install a 90 octane gasoline production plant through pyrolysis, using plastic waste as raw material, allowing to significantly reduce pollution and generating income from the commercialization of the fuel obtained from this waste. The implementation of this project will allow for the reduction of 2,190 tons of plastic waste per year between the cities of Iquitos and Pucallpa, contributing to Goal 12 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns." It does not intend to replace the consumption of fuels in both cities, as it will only be able to meet 0.9% of their requirements. Its main objective is to significantly reduce pollution in rivers and vulnerable areas of the Peruvian rainforest.
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