Estudio de caso de una niña de 9 años con dificultades específicas en la lectura y la escritura
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2021-06-04
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
DOI
Resumen
En el nivel primaria los niños desarrollan habilidades básicas para la lectura, escritura y matemática;
no obstante, en el trascurso de los primeros grados de escolaridad, algunos niños presentan
dificultades en estas áreas en la medida que van avanzando en su etapa escolar. En muchos casos
la causa es la falta de consolidación de estos predictores y facilitadores de la escritura, lectura y
matemática. El caso presentado cursa el cuarto grado de primaria, presenta lectura y escritura lenta
e imprecisa y dificultad en la comprensión de textos escritos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es
diseñar un plan de evaluación e intervención acorde con las dificultades del caso. Luego del proceso
de intervención en la lectura, las evidencias demuestran que al trabajar el proceso léxico mediante
las rutas visual y fonológica con tareas de análisis y síntesis mejora la precisión y fluidez de la lectura
de palabras, siendo esto muy importante porque de esta manera el niño puede acceder al significado
de la palabra cuando lee. De la misma manera, la intervención en el proceso sintáctico, en el
componente de signos de puntuación, permite un mejor desempeño en la precisión de la entonación
al leer y comprender mejor el texto que lee. En cuanto a la escritura, al desarrollar la ortografía
fonética del proceso léxico ortográfico, con el mismo vocabulario de la lectura, logra desarrollar una
escritura más precisa al tener dominio en la conversión fonema grafema y la escritura por la ruta
visual le ayudará a recuperar y escribir correctamente palabras frecuentes con ortografía arbitraria.
Se concluye que el plan de intervención demuestra que el desarrollo de los procesos léxicos de la
lectura y de la escritura unidos a los procesos sintácticos, impacta en el desempeño de la
comprensión lectora.
At the elementary level children develop basic skills for reading, writing and mathematics; However, during the first grades of schooling, some children have difficulties in these areas as they progress through their school years. In many cases the cause is the lack of consolidation of these predictors and facilitators of writing, reading and mathematics. The case presented is in the fourth grade of primary school, presents slow and imprecise reading and writing and difficulty in understanding written texts. The objective of this work is to design an evaluation and intervention plan according to the difficulties of the case. After the intervention process in reading, the evidence shows that working on the lexical process through the visual and phonological routes with analysis and synthesis tasks improves the precision and fluency of the reading of words, this being very important because in this way the child can access the meaning of the word when reading. In the same way, the intervention in the syntactic process, in the component of punctuation marks, allows a better performance in the precision of intonation when reading and better understanding the text that you read. As for writing, by developing the phonetic spelling of the orthographic lexical process, with the same vocabulary of reading, she manages to develop a more precise writing by having mastery in phoneme-grapheme conversion and writing by the visual route will help her to recover and. correctly spell frequent words with arbitrary spellings. It is concluded that the intervention plan shows that the development of the lexical processes of reading and writing together with the syntactic processes, impacts on the performance of reading comprehension.
At the elementary level children develop basic skills for reading, writing and mathematics; However, during the first grades of schooling, some children have difficulties in these areas as they progress through their school years. In many cases the cause is the lack of consolidation of these predictors and facilitators of writing, reading and mathematics. The case presented is in the fourth grade of primary school, presents slow and imprecise reading and writing and difficulty in understanding written texts. The objective of this work is to design an evaluation and intervention plan according to the difficulties of the case. After the intervention process in reading, the evidence shows that working on the lexical process through the visual and phonological routes with analysis and synthesis tasks improves the precision and fluency of the reading of words, this being very important because in this way the child can access the meaning of the word when reading. In the same way, the intervention in the syntactic process, in the component of punctuation marks, allows a better performance in the precision of intonation when reading and better understanding the text that you read. As for writing, by developing the phonetic spelling of the orthographic lexical process, with the same vocabulary of reading, she manages to develop a more precise writing by having mastery in phoneme-grapheme conversion and writing by the visual route will help her to recover and. correctly spell frequent words with arbitrary spellings. It is concluded that the intervention plan shows that the development of the lexical processes of reading and writing together with the syntactic processes, impacts on the performance of reading comprehension.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Escritura--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Lectura--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Trastornos del aprendizaje en niños (Educación)