SFC S.A.C.: oportunidad de crecimiento, ¿cómo afrontarla? caso de estudio
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Date
2018-09-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Durante la preparación del caso se buscó una empresa que permitiera reforzar el conocimiento de los
participantes sobre el análisis financiero utilizando como herramienta el análisis vertical y horizontal
de los estados financieros y la interpretación de los ratios financieros relevantes. Asimismo, se
consideró como muy importante, a través de un escenario de crisis, que los participantes conozcan las
fuentes de financiamiento que la empresa podría utilizar para afrontar un potencial crecimiento
brusco que le afectaría de manera directa e indirecta.
Luego de analizar las diferentes opciones, teniendo como base las expectativas de su sector y sus
estados financieros, se escogió a Suministro, Fabricación y Construcción S.A.C. (SFC) como la más
adecuada para cubrir los alcances planteados. SFC es una empresa perteneciente al sector
metalmecánico, dedicada a la fabricación de estructuras metálicas para la industria, fundada en el año
2008 por Gustavo Carhuachín, ingeniero mecánico de la PUCP.
La empresa ofrece servicios en tres grandes líneas: a) ingeniería a detalle y factibilidad asistida por
computadora; b) suministro y fabricación de estructuras de acero y c) montaje de estructuras, tuberías
y tanques. Los clientes de SFC están principalmente en tres sectores: minero, construcción y
energético.
Para fines del año 2015, la gerencia de SFC, encabezada por Gustavo, tenía que afrontar una
disyuntiva: aceptar la propuesta de un cliente del rubro energético o rechazarla. Si la aceptaba se
preveía obtener un crecimiento interanual entre el 50% y el 60% con respecto al año 2015. La situación
financiera de SFC no fue la mejor en sus últimos ejercicios, pues a pesar de tener buenos volúmenes
de ventas, las utilidades se redujeron con un incremento muy significativo del apalancamiento
financiero.
Esta coyuntura, unida a la propuesta de concentración de ventas, generaría un escenario propicio y
amplio para la discusión sobre si aceptar o no la propuesta del cliente y sobre las opciones que SFC
tendría. Los participantes en el análisis del caso deberán sustentar las razones de su elección en base
al empleo de las herramientas financieras desarrolladas y apoyados en los elementos cualitativos
brindados por las herramientas estratégicas, a fin de proponer cuales serían los beneficios y riesgos de
seguir una u otra opción.
El objetivo del caso no es llegar a una solución única para el dilema, sino que en base al análisis de la
información presentada, y a su experiencia previa, los participantes puedan sugerir diversas
alternativas de solución, sustentarlas y debatirlas.
La manera en que está estructurado el caso, con preguntas de preparación que deberán ser
respondidas por los participantes antes de la clase y las preguntas de desarrollo durante la clase, le
permite al profesor generar un escenario de discusión idóneo y determinar si los participantes han
investigado, así como nivelar el conocimiento de los mismos sobre las herramientas básicas del
análisis financiero.
La primera parte del caso permitirá que los participantes conozcan las particularidades de la empresa;
en la segunda parte, conocerán las particularidades del sector, las variables macroeconómicas que le
afectan, el financiamiento en el sector y su desempeño económico. En la tercera parte, el participante
determinará el desempeño de SFC mediante el análisis financiero vertical, horizontal y de ratios de la
empresa, apoyado en el análisis estratégico.
2
Con la dinámica realizada, los participantes estarán preparados para sustentar su posición frente al
dilema del caso para el periodo 2016: si la empresa debe emplear una estrategia de concentrar o
diversificar su portafolio de clientes, teniendo en consideración los riesgos que implica una u otra.
During the preparation of the case, the team searched a company that would enhance the knowledge of participants regarding the financial analysis using tools as the vertical and horizontal analysis of the financial statements and the interpretation of relevant financial ratios. In addition, it was very important to consider, through a crisis scenario, the participants get to know the sources of funding that the company could use to deal with a sudden growth that will affect it directly and indirectly. After analyzing the different options, taking as a basis the expectations of their sector and their financial statements, the group selected Suministro, Fabricación y Construcción S.A.C. (SFC) as the most suitable in order to cover the proposed scope. SFC is a business belonging to the engineering sector; it makes tailored metallic structures, piping and so on. Mr. Gustavo Carhuachín, a mechanical engineer from the PUCP, founded SFC in 2008. The company provides services about three main lines: a) detailed engineering and feasibility assisted by computer; b) supply and manufacture of steel structures and c) assembly of structures, pipes and vessels. SFC’s clients are mainly in three economic sectors: mining, construction and energy. At the end of 2015, the SFC’s management, headed by Gustavo, faced a dilemma: to accept or to reject the proposal of an energy sector client. If the proposal were accepted then SFC would expect to achieve an annual growth rate between 50% and 60% comparing to the 2015. The financial status of SFC has not been the best in the last years despite having good volumes of sales, the earnings went down and the debt increased. This situation coupled with the sales concentration proposal would generate a conducive scenario, in order to discuss whether to accept or reject the client’s proposal and regarding the probable SFC’s options. During the case analysis, the participants must support the reasons for their choices based on the use of financial tools developed and supported by the qualitative elements provided by the strategic tools, in order to propose which would be the benefits and risks of following one or another option. Based on case information analysis, and participants’ previous experience, they can suggest alternative solutions, the same ones that can be sustained and debated. Not at all the case objective intends to reach a unique solution to the dilemma. The case is designed in such way that the participants should answer the questions previously to the class. Therefore, the professor will be able to generate discussion and confirm if the participants have investigated, as well as to assess their level of knowledge about the financial analysis basic tools. The first part of the case will allow the participants to know the particularities of the company. In the second part, they will know the particularities of the sector, which macroeconomic variables affect it, the financing in the sector and its economic performance. In the third part, the participants will apply vertical and horizontal analysis; likewise, they will use some financial ratios of the company and the sector. In addition, they will use the strategic analysis in order to determine SFC’s financial performance. 4 After the debate, the participants will be prepared to sustain their choices in order to face the dilemma of the case for the year 2016: If the company decides to continue with the strategy of focus or diversify its portfolio, taking into account the risks for every alternative.
During the preparation of the case, the team searched a company that would enhance the knowledge of participants regarding the financial analysis using tools as the vertical and horizontal analysis of the financial statements and the interpretation of relevant financial ratios. In addition, it was very important to consider, through a crisis scenario, the participants get to know the sources of funding that the company could use to deal with a sudden growth that will affect it directly and indirectly. After analyzing the different options, taking as a basis the expectations of their sector and their financial statements, the group selected Suministro, Fabricación y Construcción S.A.C. (SFC) as the most suitable in order to cover the proposed scope. SFC is a business belonging to the engineering sector; it makes tailored metallic structures, piping and so on. Mr. Gustavo Carhuachín, a mechanical engineer from the PUCP, founded SFC in 2008. The company provides services about three main lines: a) detailed engineering and feasibility assisted by computer; b) supply and manufacture of steel structures and c) assembly of structures, pipes and vessels. SFC’s clients are mainly in three economic sectors: mining, construction and energy. At the end of 2015, the SFC’s management, headed by Gustavo, faced a dilemma: to accept or to reject the proposal of an energy sector client. If the proposal were accepted then SFC would expect to achieve an annual growth rate between 50% and 60% comparing to the 2015. The financial status of SFC has not been the best in the last years despite having good volumes of sales, the earnings went down and the debt increased. This situation coupled with the sales concentration proposal would generate a conducive scenario, in order to discuss whether to accept or reject the client’s proposal and regarding the probable SFC’s options. During the case analysis, the participants must support the reasons for their choices based on the use of financial tools developed and supported by the qualitative elements provided by the strategic tools, in order to propose which would be the benefits and risks of following one or another option. Based on case information analysis, and participants’ previous experience, they can suggest alternative solutions, the same ones that can be sustained and debated. Not at all the case objective intends to reach a unique solution to the dilemma. The case is designed in such way that the participants should answer the questions previously to the class. Therefore, the professor will be able to generate discussion and confirm if the participants have investigated, as well as to assess their level of knowledge about the financial analysis basic tools. The first part of the case will allow the participants to know the particularities of the company. In the second part, they will know the particularities of the sector, which macroeconomic variables affect it, the financing in the sector and its economic performance. In the third part, the participants will apply vertical and horizontal analysis; likewise, they will use some financial ratios of the company and the sector. In addition, they will use the strategic analysis in order to determine SFC’s financial performance. 4 After the debate, the participants will be prepared to sustain their choices in order to face the dilemma of the case for the year 2016: If the company decides to continue with the strategy of focus or diversify its portfolio, taking into account the risks for every alternative.
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Keywords
Análisis financiero, Empresas--Finanzas