Incidencias de la pandemia en el proceso de aprendizaje de la lectura y escritura en el nivel primario, desde una perspectiva constructivista y social
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Date
2022-11-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La pandemia COVID-19, tras el cierre de los colegios como medida para
prevenir contagios, generó además de incertidumbre, el desafío de asumir la
educación remota en el Perú, América Latina, el Caribe y otros países. Sin embargo,
ello no ha sido suficiente para responder a las necesidades de aprendizaje de todos
los escolares. La Organización de las Naciones Unidas ONU (2021) calificó el impacto
de la pandemia en la educación como una catástrofe generacional que durará por
mucho tiempo generando efecto negativo en el progreso global, a consecuencia de la
pérdida de aprendizajes. Por ese motivo, el tema a investigar busca responder a la
pregunta ¿Qué incidencias ha tenido la pandemia en el aprendizaje de la lectura y
escritura en el nivel primario, desde una perspectiva constructivista y social? Como
objetivos se ha propuesto el describir el aprendizaje de la lectura y escritura bajo el
proceso constructivista y social, así como, identificar las incidencias de la pandemia
en el desarrollo de la escritura y lectura en los estudiantes de primaria. Esta
investigación utiliza la metodología documental bibliográfica para la revisión y análisis
que se cimienta en la búsqueda, selección, y uso de fuentes escritas nacionales e
internacionales sobre el tema. A modo de conclusión se plantea que la pandemia
afecta el aprendizaje de la lectura y escritura de los estudiantes de primaria, porque
limita las experiencias interactivas e intersubjetivas y de diálogo que favorezcan el
aprendizaje mutuo entre pares y con el docente.
The COVID-19 pandemic, after the closure of schools as a measure to prevent contagion, in addition to uncertainty, the challenge of assuming remote education in Peru, Latin America, the Caribbean, and other countries. However, this has not been enough to respond to the learning needs of all schoolchildren. The United Nations Organization UN (2021) described the impact of the pandemic on education as a generational catastrophe that will last for a long time, producing a negative effect on global progress, as a result of the loss of learning. For this reason, the topic to be investigated seeks to answer the question: What incidences have the pandemic had on learning to read and write at the primary level, from a constructivist and social perspective? As objectives, it has been proposed to describe the learning of reading and writing under the constructivist and social process, as well as to identify the incidences of the pandemic in the development of writing and reading in primary school students. This research uses the bibliographic documentary methodology for the review and analysis that is based on the search, selection, and use of national and international written sources on the subject. In conclusion, it is stated that the pandemic affects the learning of reading and writing of primary school students because it limits interactive and intersubjective experiences, of dialogue that favors mutual learning between peers and with the teacher.
The COVID-19 pandemic, after the closure of schools as a measure to prevent contagion, in addition to uncertainty, the challenge of assuming remote education in Peru, Latin America, the Caribbean, and other countries. However, this has not been enough to respond to the learning needs of all schoolchildren. The United Nations Organization UN (2021) described the impact of the pandemic on education as a generational catastrophe that will last for a long time, producing a negative effect on global progress, as a result of the loss of learning. For this reason, the topic to be investigated seeks to answer the question: What incidences have the pandemic had on learning to read and write at the primary level, from a constructivist and social perspective? As objectives, it has been proposed to describe the learning of reading and writing under the constructivist and social process, as well as to identify the incidences of the pandemic in the development of writing and reading in primary school students. This research uses the bibliographic documentary methodology for the review and analysis that is based on the search, selection, and use of national and international written sources on the subject. In conclusion, it is stated that the pandemic affects the learning of reading and writing of primary school students because it limits interactive and intersubjective experiences, of dialogue that favors mutual learning between peers and with the teacher.
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Keywords
Aprendizaje (Educación), Lectura--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Escritura--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Constructivismo (Educación), COVID-19 (Enfermedad)
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