La derecha populista radical peruana: El caso de la campaña electoral de Rafael López Aliaga en redes sociales durante las elecciones 2021
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Date
2022-08-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el uso de redes sociales de Rafael
López Aliaga, candidato populista de derecha radical, durante la campaña de las
Elecciones Generales 2021. La nueva derecha radical es un fenómeno reciente en
Perú y sobre el cual existe escasa literatura al respecto; por ello, este trabajo busca
entender mejor el desarrollo del mismo y sus consecuencias. En este sentido, el
propósito de esta investigación consiste en establecer el carácter populista de derecha
radical del candidato, mediante la revisión de Facebook, Twitter e Instagram. A partir
de un análisis cuantitativo en el que se realizó la sistematización de las publicaciones
del candidato y del partido, y otro cualitativo, es posible afirmar que el candidato es
populista debido al uso de ciertos recursos comunicativos planteados en los supuestos
teóricos; como son las fake news, el storytelling y la personalización. Además, la teoría
permite identificar que se trata de un personaje populista de derecha radical por la
recurrencia de algunos temas característicos de este espectro ideológico; como es,
por ejemplo, la posición del candidato frente a las instituciones o la inmigración.
Finalmente, este fenómeno, sumado a la digitalización de las campañas políticas,
especialmente en contextos de crisis como la producida por el COVID-19, convierte la
pugna electoral en una arena donde la polémica desplaza al contenido programático
como herramienta principal, lo que debilita aún más a los sistemas políticos.
This research aims to study the use of social networks during Rafael López Aliaga's t campaign, a radical right-wing populist candidate, in the 2021 General Elections. This new right-wing is a recent phenomenon in Peru and on which there is little literature on the subject, therefore, this thesis seeks a better understanding of its development and consequences. Hence, the objective of this research is to establish the radical rightwing populist character of the candidate, throughout the review of 3 networks: Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Based on a quantitative analysis in which the posts were systematized and a qualitative one, it is possible to affirm that the candidate is populist due to the use of certain communicational resources most commonly used by populist candidates around the world, such as fake news, storytelling and personalization. In addition, it is possible to ratify thathe is a character of the radical right-wing due to the recurrent use of characteristic themes of this spectrum within the ideological axis. Finally, this new phenomenon in conjunction with the new digital way of doing politics, especially in contexts such as the COVID-19 crisis, will not only increase but will turn the electoral space into an arena in which the fight for power will be centered on controversy and not on programmatic content; which will further weaken the Peruvian political system.
This research aims to study the use of social networks during Rafael López Aliaga's t campaign, a radical right-wing populist candidate, in the 2021 General Elections. This new right-wing is a recent phenomenon in Peru and on which there is little literature on the subject, therefore, this thesis seeks a better understanding of its development and consequences. Hence, the objective of this research is to establish the radical rightwing populist character of the candidate, throughout the review of 3 networks: Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Based on a quantitative analysis in which the posts were systematized and a qualitative one, it is possible to affirm that the candidate is populist due to the use of certain communicational resources most commonly used by populist candidates around the world, such as fake news, storytelling and personalization. In addition, it is possible to ratify thathe is a character of the radical right-wing due to the recurrent use of characteristic themes of this spectrum within the ideological axis. Finally, this new phenomenon in conjunction with the new digital way of doing politics, especially in contexts such as the COVID-19 crisis, will not only increase but will turn the electoral space into an arena in which the fight for power will be centered on controversy and not on programmatic content; which will further weaken the Peruvian political system.
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Extrema derecha--Perú, Populismo--Perú, Elecciones--Perú, Redes sociales--Perú, Noticias falsas--Perú, Campañas políticas--Perú
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