Los estilos de humor como factor predictor del bienestar psicológico en adolescentes escolares de Lima
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2018-11-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La adolescencia representa una etapa de gran vulnerabilidad, debido a los cambios y
desafíos significativos que ocurren en varios niveles (Kern et al., 2015). En este sentido,
estudios han encontrado que es relevante considerar no solo los factores de riesgo, sino
también aspectos más positivos del funcionamiento (e.g. resiliencia, flow y humor) para
lograr el bienestar, pues están relacionados con mejores resultados durante este período
de vida (Callabed et al., 1998). Objetivo: el propósito fue determinar si los estilos de
humor (afiliativo, orientado al mejoramiento personal, agresivo y auto-descalificador)
son predictores importantes del bienestar psicológico y sus dominios (involucramiento,
perseverancia, optimismo, conexión y felicidad). Para esto se tradujo, adaptó y analizó
psicométricamente el cuestionario de Bienestar Adolescente (EPOCH) (Kern et al., 2015)
que mide el bienestar psicológico. Método: Muestra: 933 adolescentes limeños de
escuelas privadas de entre 14 y 18 años. Instrumentos: Cuestionario EPOCH (Kern et al.,
2015) y el Cuestionario de Estilos de Humor (Martin et al., 2003). Análisis Estadísticos:
se realizó análisis de regresión jerárquica (primer paso: variables sociodemográficas,
segundo paso: estilos de humor) y análisis de comparación de muestras independientes
(T Student) para determinar si existían diferencias en los 4 estilos de humor según el sexo.
Resultados y discusión: los resultados evidencian que los estilos de humor son
predictores importantes del bienestar adolescente y sus dominios, específicamente el
estilo de mejoramiento personal. Pues, la percepción del bienestar y la evaluación de las
circunstancias están fuertemente influenciadas por la capacidad del adolescente de usar
su sentido del humor.
Adolescence represents a stage of great vulnerability, due to the significant changes and challenges that occur at various levels (Kern et al., 2015). In this sense, studies have found it is relevant to consider, not only risk factors, but also more positive aspects of functioning (e.g. resilience, flow and humor) for the achievement of well-being, since they are related to better results during this period of life (Callabed et al., 1998). Objective: the aim of the present study was to determine whether humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive and self-defeating) are important predictors of psychological well-being and its dimensions (involvement, perseverance, optimism, connection and happiness). For this purpose, the The Adolescent Wellbeing Questionnaire (EPOCH) (Kern et al., 2015), which measures psychological well-being, was translated, adapted and analyzed psychometrically. Method: Sample: 933 Limean teenagers from private schools between 14 and 18 years old. Instruments: The EPOCH Questionnaire - (Kern et al., 2015) and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (Martin et al., 2003) were applied. Statistical Analysis: hierarchical regression analysis was performed (first step: sociodemographic variables, second step: humor styles) and comparison analysis of independent samples (T Student) to determine if there were differences in the 4 humor styles according to gender. Results and discussion: humor styles are important predictors of adolescent well-being and its dimensions, specifically the self-enhancing style. Specifically, because the perception of well-being and the evaluation of circumstances are strongly influenced by the adolescent's ability to use his sense of humor.
Adolescence represents a stage of great vulnerability, due to the significant changes and challenges that occur at various levels (Kern et al., 2015). In this sense, studies have found it is relevant to consider, not only risk factors, but also more positive aspects of functioning (e.g. resilience, flow and humor) for the achievement of well-being, since they are related to better results during this period of life (Callabed et al., 1998). Objective: the aim of the present study was to determine whether humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive and self-defeating) are important predictors of psychological well-being and its dimensions (involvement, perseverance, optimism, connection and happiness). For this purpose, the The Adolescent Wellbeing Questionnaire (EPOCH) (Kern et al., 2015), which measures psychological well-being, was translated, adapted and analyzed psychometrically. Method: Sample: 933 Limean teenagers from private schools between 14 and 18 years old. Instruments: The EPOCH Questionnaire - (Kern et al., 2015) and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (Martin et al., 2003) were applied. Statistical Analysis: hierarchical regression analysis was performed (first step: sociodemographic variables, second step: humor styles) and comparison analysis of independent samples (T Student) to determine if there were differences in the 4 humor styles according to gender. Results and discussion: humor styles are important predictors of adolescent well-being and its dimensions, specifically the self-enhancing style. Specifically, because the perception of well-being and the evaluation of circumstances are strongly influenced by the adolescent's ability to use his sense of humor.
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Bienestar, Humor, Adolescentes
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