¿Objeto o Pastel? Sobre la Desnaturalización del Papel de las Asociaciones de Consumidores en Procedimientos Sancionadores de Oficio
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Date
2023-04-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente artículo se concentra en la figura de las asociaciones de
consumidores, quienes cuentan con la capacidad jurídica y habilitación legal
necesaria para interponer y formar parte de las denuncias frente a Indecopi. Sin
embargo, Indecopi además ha permitido que estas organizaciones participen en
procedimientos de oficio en la calidad de tercero, a partir de una interpretación
del artículo 107º del Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (Ley Nº
29571), lo cual pareciera ir en contra de su naturaleza. Así, en el artículo,
analizaremos si la interpretación es válida y revisaremos los argumentos en
contra que existen.
Para nuestro análisis, observaremos el marco regulatorio administrativo en
general, así como el específico en materia de protección al consumidor.
Asimismo, revisaremos la actuación de Indecopi en los últimos años, para
evaluar su criterio. Especialmente, nos concentraremos en un caso reciente,
respecto a un procedimiento de oficio iniciado contra Hipermercados Tottus S.A.
y Gelafrut S.R.L. por la puesta a disposición del Panetón Tottus, el cual
contendría una cantidad de grasas trans mayor a la legalmente permitida. En el
procedimiento, se permitió la participación del Instituto del Derecho Ordenador
del Mercado. Observaremos este fenómeno como un ejemplo de que la
participación de las asociaciones en procedimientos de oficio no solo no se
encuentra justificadas, si no que obstaculiza y tiene efectos negativos en el
procedimiento.
The present paper is concentrated in consumer associations, who have the legal capacity and habilitation required to file and be part of the complaints presented before Indecopi. However, Indecopi has additionally allowed them to be part of ex-officio procedures as an interested third party, based on the interpretation of article 107º of the Consumer Defense and Protection Code (Law Nº 29571), which seems to be against its nature. Thus, in the article, we will analyze if this interpretation is valid, and we will review the arguments against it. For our analysis, we will observe the general administrative legal framework, as well as the specific for matters of consumer protection. Additionally, we will review the behavior of Indecopi within the last years, in order to evaluate its criteria. Specifically, we will focus on a recent case, about an ex-officio procedure started against Hipermercados Tottus S.A. and Gelafrut S.R.L. for the commercialization of Panetón Tottus, which would contain more trans fat than the legally permitted quantity. In the procedure, the participation of the Institute of Market Authorizing Law. We will observe this phenomena as an example that the participation of consumer associations in ex-officio procedures are not only not justified, but they hinders and produces negative effects for the procedure itself.
The present paper is concentrated in consumer associations, who have the legal capacity and habilitation required to file and be part of the complaints presented before Indecopi. However, Indecopi has additionally allowed them to be part of ex-officio procedures as an interested third party, based on the interpretation of article 107º of the Consumer Defense and Protection Code (Law Nº 29571), which seems to be against its nature. Thus, in the article, we will analyze if this interpretation is valid, and we will review the arguments against it. For our analysis, we will observe the general administrative legal framework, as well as the specific for matters of consumer protection. Additionally, we will review the behavior of Indecopi within the last years, in order to evaluate its criteria. Specifically, we will focus on a recent case, about an ex-officio procedure started against Hipermercados Tottus S.A. and Gelafrut S.R.L. for the commercialization of Panetón Tottus, which would contain more trans fat than the legally permitted quantity. In the procedure, the participation of the Institute of Market Authorizing Law. We will observe this phenomena as an example that the participation of consumer associations in ex-officio procedures are not only not justified, but they hinders and produces negative effects for the procedure itself.
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Protección del consumidor--Perú, Procedimiento administrativo--Perú, Consumidores--Perú
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