Modelos explicativos del VIH/SIDA entre la población awajún de comunidades intervenidas por el Fondo Global en el marco de la estrategia contra el VIH
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2018-10-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Este artículo presenta una aproximación a los modelos explicativos sobre el VIH/SIDA que circulan entre la población awajún de comunidades que han sido intervenidas por el Fondo Global en el marco de la estrategia contra el VIH. En ese sentido, se entiende la salud como una instancia de interrelación entre el pueblo y el Estado, y por lo tanto, se tiene en cuenta que los diálogos o encuentros médicos, donde se habla de la enfermedad, son determinantes en la experiencia de la enfermedad, pues reflejan un marco de relaciones sociales determinadas histórica y políticamente.
Para ello se ha realizado trabajo de campo en el mes de febrero, agosto y setiembre del 2017 en comunidades nativas de la etnia Awajún en el río Cenepa, en Amazonas. A través de la observación constante y participante, y entrevistas abiertas y a profundidad se ha investigado cómo circula y se negocia la información con respecto al VIH/SIDA desde los distintos actores involucrados en la lucha contra el VIH, cómo el contexto sociopolítico afecta los modelos explicativos y cómo expresan su relación con el Estado. Las diversas percepciones y casos recogidos manifiestan modelos de conspiración sobre el ingreso del virus a la zona y modelos de daño y brujería, cuestionando la existencia de la enfermedad y el potencial beneficio del tratamiento. En ese sentido, se vinculan a la relación entre esta población, el Estado y el sistema de salud; así como con condiciones de pobreza y desigualdad; que llevan a la constante negociación y reinterpretación de modelos explicativos en el marco de esta estrategia.
This article presents an approach to the explanatory models on HIV/AIDS that circulate among the Awajún population of communities that have been intervened by the Global Fund stance of interrelation between the people and the within the framework of the strategy against HIV. In this sense, health is understood as an inState, and therefore, it is taken into account that medical dialogues or encounters, where this disease is discussed, are determinant in the experience of the disease, as they reflect a historical and political framework of social relations. To this end, ethnographic fieldwork was carried out during February, August and September 2017 in native communities of the Awajún ethnic group on the Cenepa River in Amazonas. Through constant and participant observation, and open and indepth interviews, we have investigated how information about HIV/AIDS circulates and is negotiated among the different actors involved in the fight against HIV, how the socio-political context affects the explanatory models and how they express their relationship with the State. The various perceptions and cases collected manifest conspiracy models about the entry of the virus into the area and models of witchcraft, questioning the existence of the disease and the potential benefit of the treatment. In that sense, they are linked to the relationship between this ethnic group, the State and the health system; as well as with conditions of poverty and inequality; that lead to the constant negotiation and reinterpretation of explanatory models within the framework of this strategy.
This article presents an approach to the explanatory models on HIV/AIDS that circulate among the Awajún population of communities that have been intervened by the Global Fund stance of interrelation between the people and the within the framework of the strategy against HIV. In this sense, health is understood as an inState, and therefore, it is taken into account that medical dialogues or encounters, where this disease is discussed, are determinant in the experience of the disease, as they reflect a historical and political framework of social relations. To this end, ethnographic fieldwork was carried out during February, August and September 2017 in native communities of the Awajún ethnic group on the Cenepa River in Amazonas. Through constant and participant observation, and open and indepth interviews, we have investigated how information about HIV/AIDS circulates and is negotiated among the different actors involved in the fight against HIV, how the socio-political context affects the explanatory models and how they express their relationship with the State. The various perceptions and cases collected manifest conspiracy models about the entry of the virus into the area and models of witchcraft, questioning the existence of the disease and the potential benefit of the treatment. In that sense, they are linked to the relationship between this ethnic group, the State and the health system; as well as with conditions of poverty and inequality; that lead to the constant negotiation and reinterpretation of explanatory models within the framework of this strategy.
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VIH/SIDA, Modelos explicativos, Awajún, Conspiración, Brujería
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