La imposibilidad de la imputación penal al extraneus contratista en el delito de negociación incompatible
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Date
2023-04-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los delitos contra la administración pública son delitos que han significado un
gran reto para las teorías del caso postuladas por el Ministerio Púbico, debido a
que, el estándar probatorio de estos delitos es elevado ya que suelen ser
actuaciones que se realizan en la clandestinidad. Sin embargo, es problemático
también identificar correctamente el título de participación en estos delitos, en
virtud a la complejidad en la se desarrolla la contratación estatal, más difícil es
todavía, para el Ministerio Público demostrar que el extraneus contratista en el
delito de negociación incompatible debería de ser responsable penalmente, no
solo porque es difícil demostrar su responsabilidad en grado de certeza, sino
porque de la estructura típica de este delito no se desprende responsabilidad
penal para este ajeno a la administración pública. Este escenario se torna más
oscuro aún cuando, ni si quiera, la Corte Suprema tiene una línea
jurisprudencial sobre la participación del extraneus en este delito. Es por ello
que, a partir de este trabajo, se trata de demostrar por qué no es posible que se
impute responsabilidad al penal del contratista, siendo que concluimos que
pese a la negociación incompatible sea un delito de infracción de deber, ello no
es suficiente para atribuir responsabilidad penal a aquel contratista que se
encuentre vinculado con la administración pública, más aún, cuando existen
otros delitos como el de colusión o cohecho que sí permiten la participación
necesaria entre le funcionario público y contratista.
Crimes against public administration are crimes that have meant a great challenge for the theories of the case postulated by the Public Prosecutor's Office, due to the fact that the evidentiary standard for these crimes is high since they are usually carried out clandestinely. However, it is also problematic to correctly identify the title of participation in these crimes, due to the complexity of the state contracting process, and it is even more difficult for the Public Prosecutor's Office to demonstrate that the extraneus contractor in the crime of incompatible negotiation should be criminally responsible, not only because it is difficult to demonstrate his responsibility with certainty, but also because the typical structure of this crime does not imply criminal liability for this extraneus contractor. This scenario becomes even more obscure when not even the Supreme Court has a jurisprudential line on the participation of the extraneus in this crime. That is why, from this work, we try to demonstrate why it is not possible to charge criminal liability to the contractor, being that we conclude that despite the incompatible negotiation is a crime of breach of duty, this is not enough to attribute criminal liability to the contractor who is linked to the public administration, even more when there are other crimes such as collusion or bribery that do allow the necessary participation between the public official and contractor.
Crimes against public administration are crimes that have meant a great challenge for the theories of the case postulated by the Public Prosecutor's Office, due to the fact that the evidentiary standard for these crimes is high since they are usually carried out clandestinely. However, it is also problematic to correctly identify the title of participation in these crimes, due to the complexity of the state contracting process, and it is even more difficult for the Public Prosecutor's Office to demonstrate that the extraneus contractor in the crime of incompatible negotiation should be criminally responsible, not only because it is difficult to demonstrate his responsibility with certainty, but also because the typical structure of this crime does not imply criminal liability for this extraneus contractor. This scenario becomes even more obscure when not even the Supreme Court has a jurisprudential line on the participation of the extraneus in this crime. That is why, from this work, we try to demonstrate why it is not possible to charge criminal liability to the contractor, being that we conclude that despite the incompatible negotiation is a crime of breach of duty, this is not enough to attribute criminal liability to the contractor who is linked to the public administration, even more when there are other crimes such as collusion or bribery that do allow the necessary participation between the public official and contractor.
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Keywords
Delitos de los funcionarios--Perú, Funcionarios públicos--Perú, Contratos públicos--Perú, Responsabilidad penal