Sedapal, propuesta de una unidad de negocio para la comercialización de aguas residuales en Lima
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2022-07-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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SEDAPAL al ser la empresa de saneamiento más grande del país y abastecer de
agua al 40% del PBI del país, presenta grandes desafíos no solo para abastecer de agua
potable a los 11.5 millones de habitantes, sino sobre todo dar un tratamiento adecuado a
las aguas residuales y promover su reúso. A pesar de que se tratan el 92% de las aguas
crudas, solo el 3.6% se están reusando para riego de áreas verdes y cultivos. Con la
promulgación de D.L. N° 1280, existe un marco legal propicio para comercializar el agua
residual tratada y cruda, pero de acuerdo al Plan Nacional de Acción Ambiental 2011-
2021 no se está cumpliendo con una de las metas prioritarias en agua que el 50% de las
aguas residuales tratadas urbanas sean reusadas.
SEDAPAL tiene una misión complicada al querer cumplir con tratamiento y reúso
de agua residuales con estándares de calidad, ya que el agua cruda que va a las Plantas de
Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (PTAR) tiene alta variabilidad en cantidad y calidad,
por lo que será mejor ofrecer el agua cruda antes de llegar a las PTAR. Para ello se debe
partir primero buscando potenciales clientes o industrias donde el agua fresca o de pozo
sea escaso y que no necesiten agua fresca para sus operaciones y riego de jardines.
Asimismo, se requiere contar con estándares de calidad de efluentes para la realidad del
país, así como procedimientos internos de comercialización que le permitan vender el
agua residual y establecer así un mercado para reúso en Lima.
Después de analizar las alternativas de solución, se propone que SEDAPAL
comercialice el agua residual a clientes, tipo industrias, y que ellos realicen la inversión,
operación y mantenimiento (O&M) de la PTAR. De esta manera se genera los costos
evitados en la operación y disposición final. Además, se realiza un caso de negocio de una
industria donde se demuestra que invertir en el tratamiento de agua residual es más costo
efectivo frente al agua subterránea y una desaladora. Finalmente, para lograr una mayor comercialización se propone replantear la
Gerencia de Gestión de Agua Residuales agregando un área de interrelación con el sector
privado, ya que ofrecer el agua residual cruda brinda mayores oportunidades que el agua
residual tratada.
SEDAPAL, being the largest sanitation company in the country and supplying water to 40% of the country's GDP, presents great challenges not only to supply drinking water to the 11.5 million inhabitants, but above all to give adequate wastewater treatment and promote its reuse. Although 92% of raw water is treated, only 3.6% is being reused for irrigation of green areas and crops. With the enactment of D.L. No. 1280, there is a favorable legal framework to market raw wastewater, but according to the National Environmental Action Plan 2011-2021, one of the priority water goals is not being met, that “50% of the treated urban wastewater is reused”. SEDAPAL has a complicated mission in wanting to comply with quality standards for wastewater treatment and reuse, since the raw water that goes to the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) has high variability in quantity and quality, so it will be better to offer the raw water before it arrives. to the WWTPs. For this, potential clients or industries where freshwater is scarce and that do not need freshwater for their operations and garden irrigation must be sought. Likewise, it is necessary to have effluent quality standards for the reality of the country, as well as internal marketing procedures that allow it to sell the wastewater and thus establish a market for reuse in Lima. After analyzing the solution alternatives, it is proposed that SEDAPAL commercialize the wastewater to clients, such as industries, and that they carry out the investment and operation and maintenance (O&M) of the WWTP. In this way, avoided costs are generated in the operation and final disposal. For this, a business case of an industry is made where it is shown that investing in wastewater treatment is more cost-effective compared to groundwater and a desalination plant. Finally, to achieve greater commercialization, it is proposed to rethink the Wastewater Management Department by adding an area of interrelation with the private sector, since offering raw wastewater promises greater opportunities than treated wastewater.
SEDAPAL, being the largest sanitation company in the country and supplying water to 40% of the country's GDP, presents great challenges not only to supply drinking water to the 11.5 million inhabitants, but above all to give adequate wastewater treatment and promote its reuse. Although 92% of raw water is treated, only 3.6% is being reused for irrigation of green areas and crops. With the enactment of D.L. No. 1280, there is a favorable legal framework to market raw wastewater, but according to the National Environmental Action Plan 2011-2021, one of the priority water goals is not being met, that “50% of the treated urban wastewater is reused”. SEDAPAL has a complicated mission in wanting to comply with quality standards for wastewater treatment and reuse, since the raw water that goes to the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) has high variability in quantity and quality, so it will be better to offer the raw water before it arrives. to the WWTPs. For this, potential clients or industries where freshwater is scarce and that do not need freshwater for their operations and garden irrigation must be sought. Likewise, it is necessary to have effluent quality standards for the reality of the country, as well as internal marketing procedures that allow it to sell the wastewater and thus establish a market for reuse in Lima. After analyzing the solution alternatives, it is proposed that SEDAPAL commercialize the wastewater to clients, such as industries, and that they carry out the investment and operation and maintenance (O&M) of the WWTP. In this way, avoided costs are generated in the operation and final disposal. For this, a business case of an industry is made where it is shown that investing in wastewater treatment is more cost-effective compared to groundwater and a desalination plant. Finally, to achieve greater commercialization, it is proposed to rethink the Wastewater Management Department by adding an area of interrelation with the private sector, since offering raw wastewater promises greater opportunities than treated wastewater.
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Palabras clave
Agua potable--Abastecimiento--Perú, Abastecimiento de agua--Administración--Perú, Aguas residuales--Tratamiento--Perú, Recursos hidrológicos--Perú
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