Calidad en las empresas del sector reparaciones de automóviles y motocicletas en el Perú
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2019-08-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Un sistema de gestión de la calidad (SGC) es aquella parte del sistema de gestión
enfocada a dirigir y controlar una organización en relación con la calidad. La presente
investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar si las empresas del sector reparaciones en el
Perú, específicamente talleres de automóviles y motocicletas, que han implementado un SGC,
tienen un mejor desempeño en cuanto a su Administración de la Calidad Total (TQM), versus
aquellas empresas del mismo sector que no poseen un SGC. El diseño del estudio ha sido
transeccional, con un enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo y correlacional; asimismo la
muestra utilizada fue probabilística y estratificada. No se encontró evidencia que justifique
diferencia en las prácticas relacionadas al TQM en empresas del sector con SGC, respecto de
las que no cuentan con SGC. Esto pudo deberse a que en el sector el concepto de SGC por lo
general es impreciso, ya que las empresas consideran, en gran proporción, que poseen un
SGC, sin tenerlo. Sin embargo, se debe destacar la existencia de lineamientos y políticas que
les permitieron cumplir con algunos principios del TQM sin tener explícitamente un SGC. Se
recomienda continuar con estudios adicionales en el tiempo que permitan medir tendencias
sobre la aplicación o no de los SGC, para luego compararlas con otras industrias en el país y
con industrias similares en países de la región, relacionándolas al impacto en la eficiencia de
las empresas.
A quality management system (QMS) is that part of a management system focused on managing and controlling an organization with regard to the quality. The objective of this research was to identify whether or not those companies active in the repairs sector in Peru, specifically automobile and motorcycle repair shops, which have introduced a QMS, have a better performance in terms of Total Quality practices, versus those companies in the same sector without a QMS. The design of the study was trans-sectional, with a quantitative approach and correlational and descriptive scope; it should also be noted that the sample used was probabilistic and stratified. The result revealed that no significant improvement could be inferred in the TQM practices of companies with a QMS, compared to those companies which do not have a QMS. This is due to the fact that throughout the sector in general the QMS concept is imprecise since most of the companies believe that they have a QMS, when in fact they do not have one. However, it should also be noted that there are guidelines and policies that enabled them to comply with some of the principles of TQM, without explicitly having a QMS. Additional studies are recommended over time that will enable measurement of tendencies regarding the application or absence of QMS, in order to facilitate a subsequent comparison with other industries within the country, as well as with similar industries in the region, and to assess the impact on the efficiency of companies.
A quality management system (QMS) is that part of a management system focused on managing and controlling an organization with regard to the quality. The objective of this research was to identify whether or not those companies active in the repairs sector in Peru, specifically automobile and motorcycle repair shops, which have introduced a QMS, have a better performance in terms of Total Quality practices, versus those companies in the same sector without a QMS. The design of the study was trans-sectional, with a quantitative approach and correlational and descriptive scope; it should also be noted that the sample used was probabilistic and stratified. The result revealed that no significant improvement could be inferred in the TQM practices of companies with a QMS, compared to those companies which do not have a QMS. This is due to the fact that throughout the sector in general the QMS concept is imprecise since most of the companies believe that they have a QMS, when in fact they do not have one. However, it should also be noted that there are guidelines and policies that enabled them to comply with some of the principles of TQM, without explicitly having a QMS. Additional studies are recommended over time that will enable measurement of tendencies regarding the application or absence of QMS, in order to facilitate a subsequent comparison with other industries within the country, as well as with similar industries in the region, and to assess the impact on the efficiency of companies.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Automóviles--Mantenimiento y reparación--Perú, Calidad total, Investigación cuantitativa
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Licencia Creative Commons
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