Sovereign credit default swap vs. credit rating: un modelo empírico
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2019-03-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Los últimos eventos de crisis financieras han generado muchas controversias
sobre el rol que han presentado las clasificadoras de riesgo en los mercados financieros
debido a la poca precisión de sus evaluaciones expost y sus cuestionados indicadores de
riesgo los cuales son empleados por inversionistas e instituciones financieras en la toma
de decisiones al momento de adquirir instrumentos de deuda emitidos por determinado
país o corporación.
Este contexto ha generado la búsqueda de herramientas alternativas como es el
caso de las primas de credit default swap (CDS) cuya evidencia empírica ha demostrado
reflejar situaciones potenciales de crisis mucho antes que la valorización de los
instrumentos financieros realizado por las agencias clasificadoras de riesgo.
En ese sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación en primer lugar será verificar la
relación de dependencia entre las primas de CDS y las clasificaciones de crédito soberano,
que dicta que cuando un país obtiene una mejora en su rating crediticio, la correspondiente
prima de su CDS debería disminuir. En segundo lugar, se validar para qué países no se
estaría cumpliendo dicha relación.
El análisis se realizó sobre una muestra de 16 países entre el periodo de octubre
de 2003 a diciembre de 2011, en la cual se aplicó el Modelo de Corrección de Errores
(MCE) propuesto por Engle & Granger. Donde se comprueba que la relación de
dependencia entre las primas de CDS y las clasificaciones de crédito soberano no se
cumple para Estados Unidos, Alemania y Francia a diferencia del resto de países
seleccionados.
Lo que lleva a concluir, en parte, que para estos tres países las calificadoras de
riesgo no están siendo debidamente objetivas ni guardan los mismos niveles de
rigurosidad con que califican a los demás países. Lo que alimentan las críticas que se ciernen sobre ellas y elevar a la prima de los CDS como indicador adicional de riesgo
crediticio.
The last events of international crisis have generated many controversies over role than the agencies of risk classification have had in the financial market because of the poor expost evaluation and polemic indicators of risk which have used for investors and financial institutions in the make decisions at the moment when they buy any instrument of debt than a country or company to issue. This context has generated the look for alternatives tools like premium of credit default swap (CDS) how empirical evidence has showed potential situations of crisis before than the valuation of financial instruments estimate for the agencies of risk classification. In that way, the purpose of this investigation first verify the relationship of interdependence between the premium of CDS and the rating of severing credit, than has established when a country obtain a improve in its credit rating at the same time its premium of CDS have to reduce. Second, validate what countries not satisfied that relationship. The analysis made for a sample of 16 countries for the period of October 2003 to December 2011, applied the Error Correction Model developed for Engle & Granger. Where proves there isn’t a relationship of interdependence for United States, Germany and France, that result contrast with the rest of countries. In conclusion, for three countries the rating agencies don’t have an objective and severity analysis when certificated the rest of countries. This situation allows make many criticizes over rating agencies and put the CDS like additional indicators of credit risk.
The last events of international crisis have generated many controversies over role than the agencies of risk classification have had in the financial market because of the poor expost evaluation and polemic indicators of risk which have used for investors and financial institutions in the make decisions at the moment when they buy any instrument of debt than a country or company to issue. This context has generated the look for alternatives tools like premium of credit default swap (CDS) how empirical evidence has showed potential situations of crisis before than the valuation of financial instruments estimate for the agencies of risk classification. In that way, the purpose of this investigation first verify the relationship of interdependence between the premium of CDS and the rating of severing credit, than has established when a country obtain a improve in its credit rating at the same time its premium of CDS have to reduce. Second, validate what countries not satisfied that relationship. The analysis made for a sample of 16 countries for the period of October 2003 to December 2011, applied the Error Correction Model developed for Engle & Granger. Where proves there isn’t a relationship of interdependence for United States, Germany and France, that result contrast with the rest of countries. In conclusion, for three countries the rating agencies don’t have an objective and severity analysis when certificated the rest of countries. This situation allows make many criticizes over rating agencies and put the CDS like additional indicators of credit risk.
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Riesgo financiero, Crédito, Administración de riesgos, Crisis financiera internacional
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