Anthropologica
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/178510
ISSN: 0254-9212
e-ISSN: 2224-6428
Anthropologica del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales es una publicación de la Especialidad de Antropología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú que se edita desde 1983.
Anthropologica publica trabajos originales inéditos resultado de las investigaciones empíricas y etnográficas más recientes dentro de la antropología y disciplinas afines en el ámbito nacional e internacional, con énfasis en la región andina y amazónica. Se dirige a estudiosos de antropología, profesores universitarios, investigadores y académicos de las ciencias sociales y humanas.
La revista está compuesta por cuatro secciones: Artículos, Reseñas, Traducciones, y Testimonios para la historia de la antropología. Las temáticas dentro de estas secciones pueden ser muy variadas como se puede observar al revisar los números anteriormente publicados. Las mismas deben ser, sin embargo, relevantes a la antropología y disciplinas afines.
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Actores silenciosos y estados de excepción: Ayacucho durante el conflicto armado interno en Perú (1980-2000)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-21) Gamarra Carrillo, Jefrey antonioUnder internal armed conflicts there is a group of social actors whose performing behaviors do not correspond to neither of the sides in conflict. These actors are neither civil population trapped at the middle of violence nor those compromised with any of the sides. It is state officials charged to accomplish administrative tasks, for example those assigned to education on disputed territories. This paper seeks to explore the notion of silent social actor in terms of its behavior and to draw the attention of the international community concerned about the silent actor on conflicts. This research is focused on a public university in Ayacucho, Peru, during the internal armed conflict (1980-2000) at the end of the last century. The research uses a methodology for studying memory of witnesses of this period and the reflexivity approach in Anthropology. This work proposes using the category of silent social actor characterized by the exercise of a restricted agency but subject to constant pressure from the contenders faced in the conflict.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La masculinidad subalterna y racializada en las memorias de Lurgio Gavilán Sánchez(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-02-17) Muñoz-Díaz, JavierIn this article, I will analyze the gender system and the construction of masculinity in the autobiographical writing of Lurgio Gavilán Sánchez. I offer a textual and hermeneutical analysis of the second stage of his writing, which begins with the «Epilogue» of the 2017 reissue of Memorias de un soldado desconocido and includes Cartas al teniente Shogún from 2019. In this second stage, the Gavilán Sánchez’s place of enunciation is a generation with coordinates of geographical region, social class, and gender —the ex-soldiers from Ayacucho who participated in the Internal Armed Conflict - IAC. For the role of narratario or implicit reading audience, the generation of ex-soldiers coexists with Lieutenant Shogun, who becomes the model of masculinity, paternity, and guiding principle in Gavilán Sánchez’s goal of recovering the family dimension. His writing employs religious language and a melodramatic mode to narrate his peers’ and own interactions with this military and other paternal figures. I propose that the figure of Shogun, an emblem of humanitarian and democratizing practice according to Gavilán Sánchez, actually embodies the modern colonial patriarchy and subordinates the memorialist’s racialized masculinity. Likewise, the melodramatic mode imposes the gender binary of modern colonial patriarchy that depoliticizes women (the case of the Shining Path militant Rosaura).Ítem Texto completo enlazado Kummels, Ingrid y Gisela Cánepa. Fotografía en América Latina: imágenes e identidades a través del tiempo y el espacio. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2018.(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-12-21) Biffi, ValeriaThis volume brings together research on contemporary uses of historical photographs from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, conducted between 1880 and 1980. Case studies discuss how photos of the past, in the light of contemporary times and the challenges of the digital age, are answered, recontextualized and resignified. The volume poses new challenges for visual anthropology, highlighting the contrast between fluency, sense of belonging and affection, to explore the contemporary significance of historical photography in processes of constitution of memory, ethnographic imagination and identity in Latin America.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Desfigurando la memoria: (des)atando los nudos de la memoria peruana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Milton, Cynthia E.This article examines opposing currents in Peru’s collective memory of their bloody internal war (1980-2000) through an analysis of acts of vandalism perpetrated against one of the country’s few sites of memory, El ojo que llora, in Lima. ‘Vandalism’ in this article is understood as a form of writing (though a violent one) of an alternative vision of the past. Originally intended as a space for remembering and paying homage to the victims of the armed conflict, the site has become a space for contesting memories. As a site of performance of memory and human rights claims, and especially as the target of continued defacement, El ojo que llora has become a stage on which the presence of the past —in its still-conflictual strains— is made visible for national and international publics. It thus refuses the very closure that government narratives would impose, and thereby keeps open public engagement with the past. The ongoing conflicts over the past made visible at this site point to the struggles to define an overarching memory, and in the processthe very meaning of ‘victim’ is constrained.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Ayacucho: el uso de las tecnologías visuales como evocadoras de memoria y sentido de pertenencia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2019-07-05) Trinidad, Rocío E.El artículo aborda las formas de utilización de las tecnologías visuales, la fotografía y el video, para promover la ciudad de Ayacucho como destino turístico, como constructor de identidad, evocador de memoria y sentido de pertenencia a la ciudad. Presta atención al uso que para ello se hace de la arquitectura como tecnología de la imagen, a través de la cual se busca producir simulacros temporales y estructuras de sentimiento relativas al período colonial.Argumenta que la identificación y el uso de la estética colonial o no en las edificaciones de Ayacucho sirve para para establecer clasificaciones sociales, distinciones y exclusiones entre quienes se consideran «huamanguinos» y los «nuevos huamanguinos». El artículo está dividido en dos partes. En la primera aborda los videos que promueven Ayacucho como destino turístico, y en la segunda, el uso de las fotografías en exposiciones y redes sociales.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La reforma agraria, entre memoria y olvido (Andes Sur peruanos)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2013-12-06) Hall, IngridAlthough the Peruvian Agrarian Reform has been a mayor event for the peasant communities of Peru, especially in the Andes, it is barely evoked. It is the case of the community of Llanchu, located in the region of Cusco y in the Province of Calca, even if it has born thanks to the reform. In this paper we will analyse the way people refers to the agrarian reform. We will show that discourses about the past are socially controlled as any other kind of speech in that society. We will also discuss the way this past is engraved in the society and its territory. The ancient categories former to the reform are then still in use today even if they are expressed in new words. We will finally discuss the fact that the forgetfulness of the reform makes this community appear like a long-date one. The main question raised here is “what is supposed to be a peasant community today in the Peruvian Andes?” Is that so important to show a social unity and a historical continuity? This point is especially crucial today, as those populations entered in a process of ethnicization.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Testimonio y secretos de un pasado traumático: los ‘tiempos del peligro’ en el arte visual de Sarhua(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) González, OlgaThis article discusses the fate of dangerous memories of war associated with the “internal armed conflict” in Peru. It focuses on the Andean community of Sarhua in Ayacucho and their experiences with political violence as depicted in a collection of paintings, Piraq Causa (Who Is Still to Blame?). A close examination of this visual testimonio reveals that some dangerous memories have been denied representation. I suggest that these become silences and absences that give expression to a “traumatic gap”, which includes memories of fratricidal violence and the community’s initial endorsement of the Maoist Shining Path. I argue that Piraq Causa reflects the magnified secrecy around events that the community agreed to deliberately “remember to forget”. In so doing, I also propose that the perceived gaps in the pictorial narrative provoke the unmasking of what is “secretly familiar” in Sarhua. To that extent, Piraq Causa exposes as much as it affirms the secrecy around traumatic memories of war.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Historia y memoria campesina: silencios y representaciones sobre la lucha por la tierra y la represión en Ongoy(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Chati, GuidoThis article argues that there are social spaces in Peru where alternative memories about the political violence that took place between 1980 and 2000 are produced. In Andahuaylas, Apurímac, recurrent narratives tell about servitude in the hacienda, peasant mobilization for the restitution of their land, land occupation and its violent repression. A victorious memory of the land occupation exists alongside of an oppressive memory of internal war. Yet these representations have been silenced by official studies on memory, which are now so fashionable.In Ongoy, Andahuaylas, in the guise of a conflict between communities and hacienda, there are peasant’s political practices in relation with respect to the state. Peasants developed association networks with state institutions, trade unions, students, migrants, political parties and others to seek the restitution of their land. They gathered documents which they use in support of their memory and seniority in the territory. These show that the struggle for land that culminated in 1963 with the occupation of land, the slaughter of peasants and repression, has colonial origins. These are stories and memories that reconstruct the land struggle as a heroic act and overlap with other more recent representations of political violence. To analyze the process, events in Ongoy between 1960 and 1969 are reconstructed in dialog with the peasants gathered documents and testimonies of the actors on how events are reinterpreted after political violence.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La acción política frente al estigma de la violencia entre los jóvenes universitarios posconflicto: los casos de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos y la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015-07-02) Jave, Iris; Cépeda, Mario; Uchuypoma, DiegoThis paper explores the different way on which the internal armedconflict still affects the Peruvian universities; now, through a process of symbolic violence from many spheres like the family or the mass media. In this context, the students build new forms of political participation; the university as a space of political debate and action is seriously affected by the fear of its students to be marked by the stigma of the violence; moreover, all this is amplified by the destruction of the political system and the lack of interest on the regular ways of political participation among young students. Although, in our research we have found that university students participate in different spheres of the public life that, without being planned, cre- ates new ways of political participation: the case of the colectivos. We conclude that between the stigma —and the supposed presence of Movadef in the universities—, and the lack of institutional ways to channel their demands, the students are building a new form of political action that will be fully shaped in the future when they achieve to structure their movement and colectivos.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La memoria de la ciudad en TAFOS: antropología visual cuando el otro tiene la cámara (portafolio fotográfico con breve prólogo)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2007-03-27) Ramírez Corzo, DanielThis paper offers and analyses a selection of pictures —with special emphasis on those representing urban scenes — from the photographic collection of Tafos’ Social Photography Workshop. Its main purpose is to highlight some important issues in contemporary discussion about anthropology in general and visual anthropology in particular: (1) theoretical and methodological issues and aspects associated with the experience developed by TAFOS in the field of visual anthropology, and (2) the role that these pictures may have in the construction of Lima’s collective memory.