Filosofía
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Actas. XVII simposio de estudiantes de filosofía PUCP : Interculturalidad, realidad social y filosofía peruana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Especialidad de Filosofía, 2021) Simposio de Estudiantes de Filosofía (17° : 19-20 nov. 2021 : Lima); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúLuego de muchas reuniones virtuales y un agotador proceso de organización, el 19 y 20 de noviembre de 2021 se celebró el XVII Simposio de Estudiantes de Filosofía de la PUCP. El evento contó con 6 mesas de estudiantes conformadas por 19 ponencias de estudiantes tanto de pregrado como de posgrado, y 4 mesas temáticas a cargo de 12 especialistas de áreas diversas de la filosofía, sociología, antropología, historia y estudios de género, entre otras. El texto que presentamos a continuación contiene solo una pequeña muestra de los trabajos expuestos por estudiantes en el evento. Este simposio será recordado como el Simposio del Bicentenario. En lo personal, lo recordaré como el simposio que se atrevió preguntar “¿Qué sentido tiene hacer filosofía en el Perú?” en un momento muy oscuro de nuestra historia reciente. Si bien la pregunta –como toda pregunta filosófica difícil– sigue abierta, ha perdido el tono de reproche con el que muchas veces la formulaba en mi mente. Necesitamos hacer filosofía porque urge replantearnos seriamente lo que aspiramos ser como nación en un mundo cuyas prioridades, valores y objetivos no son los que deberían ser.Ítem Acceso Abierto El asiento bajo la sombra: un acercamiento a la imaginación como modo de acceso al Principio en el pensamiento de Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Especialidad de Filosofía, 2021) Román Molero, Massiel; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúIn the first book of De imaginum compositione, Giordano Bruno mentions that it is the function of the imagination (phantasia), an “older and more proper contemplation”, to grasp God (XIV, nn. 10-15); in saying this, it seems to vindicate it in front of intellectual contemplation (the Greek theoreîn) as a way of accessing God. This work aims to ask about the way in which this statement takes place in Bruno’s particular thought. Our hypothesis is that the Brunian interpretation of this state-ment makes sense due to the atypical exaltation that is made of the universe, which explains what is complicated in God, and that we must look for if we are to contemplate it. To understand why, along these lines, it is the task of a more proper contemplation to capture this through the imagination, we propose the spirit (spiritus) as the key to approach this complex connection between imagination, nature and Principle. Hence, firstly, we will sketch the way in which Bruno poses the Principle in me-taphysical and cosmological terms; and, secondly, we will examine the way in which the imaginative faculty is conceived in his thought, to conclude with the figure of the master of images, the magician.Ítem Acceso Abierto La autosuficiencia de la razón en el Discurso del método de Descartes. Inmunidad del sujeto y renuncia al mundo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de estudios Filosóficos, 2020) Palacios Cruz, Víctor Hugo; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúDescartes’ and Montaigne’s solitudes are usually compared. Nevertheless, the second one is the solitude of an I that discovers itself as a work of plurality and harmony with nature; and the first one, conversely, is a demarcation of an individuality influenced by an childhood marked by confinement, caused by both a respiratory disease and a precocious approach to books and the early discovery of the “voice of reason”. According to the Discourse on the Method—written in response to The Essays—, the equality of “reason” in every human, the diversity of authors, teachers and people as a sign of a bad use of intelligence, the divine origin of reason, and the possession of innate ideas conflude to justify the search of a total science within the individual mind. Clinging to the mathematical method, Descartes convinces himself that he does not need either the senses or the other to offset the product of his musings. And he deduces that the work of one alone is more perfect than that in which many hands intervene. All of this enshrines a subjectivity fully stocked for knowing the world without having a world, thus, from being exposed to conflicts and transformations beyond the purity of our “inner light”. Summing up, it is an allegedly immunized rationality that denies the intersubjective and embodied ground of every human existence.Ítem Acceso Abierto Carne y narración. Una reflexión sobre el sí mismo carnal y el yo narrativo en la constitución de la identidad personal(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de estudios Filosóficos, 2020) Mercado Vásquez, Martin; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúTwo approaches can be distinguished in the study of human subjectivity, the phenomenological and the constructivist. The first begins with the description and reflection of the experience of the individual self; the second, instead, focuses on the explanation of the self through the construction of a narrative identity, socially mediated by language. The question that allows us to compare these two theses is this: is the self the illusion of personal identity that occurs as a result of the socially mediated narrative identity or, on the contrary, is the narrative identity the result of a socially extended self? The purpose of this article is, first, to justify the chosen problem in context (1). He then tackles the constructivist thesis based on the contributions of Daniel Dennet and Pierre Bourdieu, considering its practical repercussions (2). The phenomenological position is then presented, considering three different contributions, that of Dan Zahavi, Hermann Schmitz and Thomas Fuchs. Finally, by way of conclusion, it is affirmed that personal identity implies the subjective experience of a carnal self that is the foundation of the narrative self.Ítem Acceso Abierto Contribuciones hermenéuticas para tratar con la diversidad desde la lingüisticidad de la comprensión(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021) Gende, Carlos Emilio; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThe observation of linguistic diversity is frequently used as a datum to explain cultural diversity. In this way, two types of experiences, very different in their mode of constitution, are homologized, making it impossible to derive valuable consequences that would help us understand them. We aim to, first of all, review the assumptions of this theoretical attitude, which describes language as a product, and then to present some features of Ricoeur's position, which assumes it as a process oriented towards understanding.Ítem Acceso Abierto Discurso de cierre(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Especialidad de Filosofía, 2021) Cecilia Monteagudo de Bacigalupo; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúDiscurso de cierre de evento.Ítem Acceso Abierto Los dos nacimientos de la fenomenología(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de estudios Filosóficos, 2020) Serrano de Haro, Agustín; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThe thesis of my essay is that it makes sense to affirm that phenomenology is born twice in Husserl's thought. Between the intentional psychology of Logical Investigations and the pure phenomenology of 1913 there is no coherent unfolding of a single philosophy that is gaining lucidity, as Husserl used to reconstruct his intellectual trajectory. But neither is there a theoretical discontinuity that would make transcendental phenomenology another philosophy, as the disciples of Göttingen or Heidegger himself tended to think: one that could have been born from other sources, influences or problems different from those of 1900-01. I therefore argue that the appearance of the world to life and of life to itself is the non-regional issue of phenomenological philosophy. Yet this problematic could only be reached descriptively by the lucidity of Logical Investigations in distinguishing between psychic experiences, ideal meanings and real objects, while at the same time the initial work was failing to find a link of regional ontology—¿psychic, logical, physical?—between these three dimensions of appearing.Ítem Acceso Abierto En defensa al derecho de las clases excluidas: Una propuesta en base al pensamiento y obra de Miguelina Acosta Cárdenas(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Especialidad de Filosofía, 2021) Huamaní Rimachi, Erika Márjory; Peña Echevarría, Joseph Hernán; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThere is no greater value for “the other” than human dignity, an inalienable right that seeks equality and revalues all excluded classes. This paper aims to collect the philosophical thought of Miguelina Acosta through a systematic study of her life and work, approached from a contemporary perspective focused on neoindigenism. To this end, we will first analyze the dissonance between the factual reality and the Peruvian legal structure that disfavor the causes of neoindigenist struggle, in particular, those that affect their livelihood with an effect on their natural resources. Secondly, we will analyze the implications of the visibility of the social claim as a driving force for change, which is also necessary in a class-based society that ignores “the other”. Finally, the need for social awareness will be evaluated as a preponderant factor for the sustainability of change. From the constructive analysis, the need to develop a solution perspective that encompasses the three perspectives studied, not as a cause-effect sequence of one over the other, but as a mutual coexistence that guarantees the success of the others, can be raised. Therefore, in order to be able to find an effective proposal to the excluded classes, we conclude that there is a need for a trisustainable development model based on the aforementioned Premises.Ítem Acceso Abierto Eugenio Pucciarelli – Hacia una fenomenología pluralista y humanista(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021) Breuer, Irene; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThis contribution deals with the Argentinian philosopher Eugenio Pucciarelli (1907-1995) and his reception of phenomenology, which he endows with a humanistic accent. After introducing his contribution to phenomenology in Latin America, I will develop the following issues: (1) the mission of philosophy, the diverse ways of accessing its essence, particularly those of Scheler, Dilthey and Husserl; (2) his reception of Husserl insofar as it concerns the ideals of science and reason; (3) his pluralist conception of reason, time and culture, and, (4) humanism and liberty. I contend that Pucciarelli’s conception of phenomenology and of philosophy in general, reveals a profound pluralistic humanism that emphasizes its militant and critical function, underscoring thus the actuality of his message.Ítem Acceso Abierto Fenomenología del vértigo y el mareo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de estudios Filosóficos, 2020) González Guardiola, Joan; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúOur research is devoted to laying the foundations for a phenomenological description of vertigo and dizziness. Our intention is to show how the application of firstperson description tools can clarify or correct some of the latest classifications that have been proposed in the diagnosis of vestibular disorders. We propose to show how the phenomenological clarifications of the clinical diagnostic tools of vertigo and dizziness allow us to rethink some of the classic phenomenological problems about corporality, such as the relationship between kinesthetic systems and the somatoesthetic field.Ítem Acceso Abierto El fragmento 3 del poema de Parménides y la ontología fenomenológica francesa(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de estudios Filosóficos, 2020) Ascarate, Luz; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúIn this text, we reflect on the ends of French phenomenological ontology from a reading of fragment 3 of Parmenides’ poem, a fragment that points out the possible as a fundamental aspect of the access to Being. We will define Modernity as the ontological loss of the possible, from which we will redefine the notions of crisis, action and responsibility. With this, we seek to renew, in an ontological horizon, the phenomenological critiques of culture inspired by Husserl’s Krisis. We justify our position by referring both contemporary exegetes of fragment 3 and French phenomenologists that have defined phenomenology in terms of ontology.Ítem Acceso Abierto Gadamer/Wittgenstein: Encuentros y desencuentros entre hermenéutica y filosofía del lenguaje ordinario(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021) Balbontin, Cristóbal; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThere is a certain status quaestionis among philosophers that usually portrays analytic philosophy and hermeneutical phenomenology as conflicting. However, some decades ago, some neo-pragmatic interpretations of Wittgenstein have opened the possibility for an encounter with Gadamer’s hermeneutics. It is well known that Gadamer read Wittgenstein after the publishing of Truth and Method in 1960, and he found ideas that were familiar to him. We can see these agreements, for example, when Gadamer refers to what is hermeneutic in a proper sense, this is, to practice a critique of language to address metaphysical questions regarding the linguistic constitution of our being in the world. Thus, when Gadamer understands hermeneutics as interpretation, and relates it to the practical behavior of human beings in the world, which shares with Wittgenstein the idea that the meaning of language is marked by its social uses. Therefore, our goal is to present a reflection on the agreements and distances between both thinkers.Ítem Acceso Abierto Hermenéutica del habitar: El problema del desarraigo en Heidegger(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021) Márquez Osuna, Francisco; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúHeidegger dictated "Bauen, wohnen, denken" to reflect on uprooting (Heimatlosigkeit). This concept serves to think about the positioning of the human, as mortals, before the loss of orientation exposed by the concealment of the divine, the exploitation of the earth and the contamination of the skies. In this sense, only in the face of loss, insecurity and discomfort, is that the human is led to question his own dwelling. On the other hand, the poetic dwelling found in the dream reality is also discussed at the same time as the concept of χώρα present in the Platonic dialogue of the Timaeus.Ítem Acceso Abierto La hermenéutica y el modelo curricular reconceptualista como alternativas para la construcción de una educación orientada bajo el Enfoque de Desarrollo Intercultural(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Especialidad de Filosofía, 2021) Leon Soria, Alvaro Paolo; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúPeru is configured as a country rich in cultures and languages, which are associated with unique ways of seeing and understanding the world. For several decades, an educational model based on the recognition of each and every one of the participants who are part of the teaching and learning process has been proposed in our country, namely, the Intercultural Bilingual Education (IBE). However, there is an absence of specific mechanisms in the classroom that reinforce the principles of recognition and integration, which is why it is necessary to rethink a curricular model that provides them. On this base, the need to implement mechanisms that reinforce a space for dialogue and consensus, and, in turn, to understand the school as a shared world, motivate us to propose hermeneutics as a theoretical basis for the notion of interculturality and its development approach for the construction of a democratic curriculum oriented under the reconceptualist model in Peru.Ítem Acceso Abierto Las paradojas de la subjetividad en la autoconstitución responsable de la identidad personal(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de estudios Filosóficos, 2020) Rizo-Patron de Lerner, Rosemary; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThe paradox of subjectivity (Crisis §§53-54) expresses not only two dissimilar methodological perspectives that stem from Modernity (the alleged objective third-person one, and the subjective first-person one), but also human beings’ essential duality as “subjects for the world” and “beings in the world”, namely, entities among entities. We explore two dimensions of the self-constitution of personal identity examined in current research, also tangible in social and political life: on one side, the reflexive, narrative, and responsible constitution of oneself and others; on the other side, the “immanent” and intersubjective intertwinement among the lived spheres of embodied emotions, desires, sensations, and their onto-phylogenetic development from instincts to reason. We highlight the silent presence of irrational (passive) motivations in (active) “rationalizations”, their impact on self-esteem and the reach of human responsibility.Ítem Acceso Abierto Presentación(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Especialidad de Filosofía, 2021) Villanueva Chigne, Eduardo; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúEra mediados de febrero de 2021, año del bicentenario del Perú, y el gobierno interino acababa de extender la cuarentena de emergencia debido a los altos niveles de propagación del COVID-19 en 32 provincias de 17 regiones del país. Una vez más nos encontrábamos en Alerta Extrema, sin visos de la llegada del prometido primer lote de vacunas. Como si esto fuera poco, el Perú se hundía cada vez más en una crisis política y económica que parecía no tener fin. En este escenario, la pregunta “¿Qué sentido tiene hacer filosofía en el Perú?”Ítem Acceso Abierto Repensando la Política Nacional para la Transversalización del Enfoque Intercultural(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Especialidad de Filosofía, 2021) Gómez Garay, Lucía de Fátima; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThis presentation aims to put into perspective and rethink the different aspects of the “Política Nacional para la Transversalización del Enfoque Intercultural” [National Policy for the Transversality of the Intercultural Approach], as well as its relevance according to the current problems of Peruvian society. Thus, it will be structured as follows: first, we will present the antecedents and the social and political context in which this policy arises, in addition to the current context in which this policy must unfold. Second, we will review the different concepts used in this presentation, establishing their respective connotations, differences and difficulties. Therefore, we will examinate the terms “interculturality”, “intercultural approach” and “transversality” to understand the meaning (or meanings) of this national policy. Third, the structure of this policy will be analyzed according to its approaches and scope, as well as the legal framework and the actors responsible for its execution. Lastly, we will observe the challenges in relation to our current context, as well as a deeper analysis of the tensions that arise between those reflected in the politics and reality of the country, such as the recognition of cultural diversity, social inclusion and discrimination.Ítem Acceso Abierto Teleología en la constitución del otro(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de estudios Filosóficos, 2020) Uceda Puertas, Bruna; Círculo Peruano de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica (CiphER); Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThis presentation aims to discuss the experience of empathy in regards to the notion of teleology in Edmund Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology. With this in mind, it briefly looks to describe the teleology present in the constitution of meaning and validity in cognitive acts in general, making reference to the phenomenological analysis of perception. Then, it wishes to discuss the particularity of this teleological movement in the cognitive experience of the other, insofar as it involves non-originary evidence. Following Husserl’s instructions, we begin approaching this empathic experience beginning with the static analysis of the experience of the transcendental other to then discuss the genetic analysis of the mundane other.