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Conocimientos situados y biodiversidad: tensiones entre prácticas de pequeños agricultores ecológicos del sur del Brasil y el régimen internacional de propiedad intelectual
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2013-12-09) Waterloo Radomsky, Guilherme Francisco
The article approaches knowledges and biodiversity maintenance among ecological farmers in the west of Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The intellectual property rights have had direct effects onseed production. Between patents and other systems of control, family farmers deny treating life as a «resource». This paper has adouble aim: firstly, to analyze the intellectual property international panorama over biodiversity and knowledge; secondly, to examine practices of organic smallholders engaged to Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia (an organic farming network born in the southern Brazil) related to alternative forms of knowledge management and production of patent-free seeds. The result is the action which parallels the critique of the decrease on the availability of crop varieties and the effort to multiply seeds and knowledges throughout networks and agro-biodiversity centres.
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La reforma agraria, entre memoria y olvido (Andes Sur peruanos)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2013-12-06) Hall, Ingrid
Although the Peruvian Agrarian Reform has been a mayor event for the peasant communities of Peru, especially in the Andes, it is barely evoked. It is the case of the community of Llanchu, located in the region of Cusco y in the Province of Calca, even if it has born thanks to the reform. In this paper we will analyse the way people refers to the agrarian reform. We will show that discourses about the past are socially controlled as any other kind of speech in that society. We will also discuss the way this past is engraved in the society and its territory. The ancient categories former to the reform are then still in use today even if they are expressed in new words. We will finally discuss the fact that the forgetfulness of the reform makes this community appear like a long-date one. The main question raised here is “what is supposed to be a peasant community today in the Peruvian Andes?” Is that so important to show a social unity and a historical continuity? This point is especially crucial today, as those populations entered in a process of ethnicization.
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Comuneros y revolución ciudadana: los casos de Otavalo y Cotacachi en Ecuador
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2013-12-06) Ortiz Crespo, Santiago
Since 2006 the indigenous political vote has split between Pachakutik and Alianza País (AP). The latter is a political movement led by Rafael Correa, currently president of Ecuador. The article seeks an explanation for this distribution of the vote, examining the political behavior of the indigenous people of the Otavalo and Cotacachico unties of the northern Ecuadorean highlands. It argues that the support for Correa can be explained by several factors: (1) the historical relationship between indigenous people and the State; (2) an electoral behaviour that combines trust in ethnic leaders and pragmatism; and (3) an expectation of «more state presence». The study is based on two surveys of leaders and local population, participant observation and interviews, as well as a document review.
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Comunidades campesinas: nuevos contextos, nuevos procesos. Presentación
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2013-12-06) Diez, Alejandro; Ortiz Crespo, Santiago
No presenta resumen.
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Elementos para volver a pensar lo comunal: nuevas formas de acceso a la tierra y presión sobre el recurso en las comunidades campesinas de Colán y Catacaos
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2013-12-06) Burneo, María Luisa
This article argues that there is a transformation in the relationship between land, peasant communities and its members or comuneros. In the case of the communities of the Peruvian northern coast, this transformation links with a double dynamic: (i) the increasing external pressure on the resource from the private-national and transnational capitals, and (ii) the emergence of new means and motivations of access to land among the communal members. Under these circumstances, the communities seek to develop mechanisms of containment that, nevertheless, escape to their own logics of controland imply the risk of a progressive division of shares of the communal territory.In order to demonstrate this, the article examines new uses (and potential uses) of the land that generates more expectations among the comuneros, and new strategies of access to the resource that different actors compete for. Two peasant communities in the north coast of Peru, San Lucas de Colán and San Juan Bautista de Catacaos, are used as case studies. In orther to understand the variation of access to land trought time and to point out the new logics in the last decades, this article will examine the history and configuration process of land tenure in these communities. Finally, the article suggests as a hipothesis that these new logics transform the meanning of community and the relationship between the peasant communities and the comuneros. The latter seek to gain access tonew lands without necesarily involving their permanency in the communal territory nor having a productive use of their plots. Hence, the north coast communities are facing the challenge of a possible transformation in their functions like the control and defense of land.
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Los dilemas del Estado peruano en la implementación y aplicación de la Ley de Consulta Previa en los Andes peruanos
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2013-12-09) Barrio de Mendoza, Rafael; Damonte, Gerardo
The Peruvian government enacted a new law granting consultation rights to indigenous peoples as a mechanism to enhance social inclusion in the country. The law generated debates about the criteria to identify indigenous population in the Andean region. Why does this law have problems granting consultation rights to Andean people? This paper aims to answer the question by reviewing historically the different Andean identities and analyzing the current international debate on indigenity. Our main argument is that the government intrying to apply the law is structuring a restrictive model that is hardlyable to grasp the complexity and dynamism of Andean identities.
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Acción colectiva y conflicto de intereses: el caso de la comunidad campesina de Catac
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2013-12-06) Osorio Bautista, Serafín
This article proposes a comprehension of social changes in the peasant community of Catac as results of collective action in a context where challenges present themselves as political opportunities and social contentions as well as internal demands of interest groups or factions. In an heterogeneous community as Catac, collective action is not something that is taken for granted but it is deliberately created and constituted. However, it tends to be fragile and usually breaks because of outside pressures and the power relations defined as relations among factions that exist in community.

Anthropologica. Vol. 31 Núm. 31 (2013)

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