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Encuentros y desencuentros del estado local y regional en la gestión integrada de los residuos sólidos. Una tarea pendiente en el Valle Sagrado
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-12-28) Tupayachi Mar, Teresa
This article and the following «The Material Politics of Waste Disposal - decentralization and integrated systems» from Penelope Harvey are published as complementary accounts on the management of solid waste in the Vilcanota Valley in Cusco. Penelope Harvey and Teresa Tupayachi worked together on this theme. In this paper, Tupayachi introduces the legal framing for the politics of waste disposal in the region. She also presents two studies that were commissioned in order to find solutions to the problem of waste disposal. The first was carried out in 2003, with finance from Finnish development cooperation funds, in co-ordination with technical experts from various universities, NGOs and state agencies, including the municipality of Urubamba. The second, a component of the Vilcanota project, was completed in 2011. The studies have things in common. Both involve regional and local government as central agents in the process, both focus their efforts to resolve the problem of solid waste management on possible technical solutions, and both are well resourced in both financial and human terms. However neither succeed in finding a way to accommodate the diverse interests and perceptions of the municipalities and of the general public. Faced with this situation local government officials, and people in general act on their own initiative, finding decentralized, and at times informal solutions to the problem, taking advantage of market opportunities.
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Una mirada al Estado desde la educación en una comunidad shipibo-conibo
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-12-28) Rolando, Giancarlo
The State makes itself present in its citizen’s everyday life by means of the interactions in which the latter engage with those public servers labeled as Street-level bureaucrats by Michael Lipsky, such as policemen or schoolteachers. This article deals with this kind of encounters in the context of a Shipibo-Conibo community. The State that partakes in the commoners’ everyday experience, through the actions (and omissions) of the school teachers stationed in the schools located in their community, shows discriminating and colonizing nature through its actions (and omissions). Furthermore, it does not satisfy its citizens’ expectations or help them accomplish their life-projects. Given this situation, commoners demand a better educational service and respect for their ethnic particularities.
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Efectos del Estado como poder del Estado: expectativa, ansiedad y temor en la cuenca media del Inambari
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-12-28) Lewis Denegri, Francisco
This ethnography examines the (re)production of the Peruvian state’s power in the fabric of the everyday in the Inambari valley, located in Puno. I argue that focusing on both real and imaginary ‘State-effects’ provides us with a way of tracing the Peruvian state’s power in this context. Further, I examine the social effects of the convergence of two infrastructural projects, both geared towards global, neo-liberal integration, arguing that this convergence led to the creation of a social milieu fraught with feelings of expectation, anxiety, optimism and fear.
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Corriendo riesgos: normas, ley y participación en el Estado neoliberal
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-12-28) Poole, Deborah
Taking risks: Norm, law and participation in the neoliberal state This paper explores the shifting forms of authority and force assigned to law in neoliberalism, and its consequences for what «counts» as political life. I look first at how law is invoked historically in a recounting of two moments in the history of an important agrarian cooperative in Cusco; and then in more detail at the flexible and contested understandings of norm and risk that circulate in a district level participatory budgeting process. In these two examples—taken from periods bridging two distinct moments in the articulation of political life and state form in Peru—law emerges not as a transcendent force or expression of the State’s will, but rather as a space in which local actors experiment with diverse understandings of development and the common good. In this sense, then, I argue that «law» shapes local political life not merely through its ability to impose repressive sanctions and to mold political subjectivities, but also through the openings which law offers for advancing alternative understandings of both sovereignty and norm.
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Reconfiguraciones del poder y la gestión local: afectos y tensiones que reinventan al Estado
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-12-28) Lynch Cisneros, Jimena
Local state structure and local government (gestion) are shaped by spaces and personalities whose political and social relations generate unexpected effects. In this article, I explore this dynamic through an ethnography conducted with local municipal authorities at a swearing-in ceremony for the Urubamba Provincial Council (Junta) of Chicha Producers (Ajawasis) and a Carnaval Fiesta sponsored by the municipality. Specifically, the article analyzes how affects, histories, rumors and memories enter into tension with more formal or normative arenas of government, including established adminsitrative and legal processes. Seen from this perspective, the municipality ceases to appear as a static unit, to emerge instead as a fluid entity composed of very dynamic and shifting social processes and forces. Through an exploration of these processes, ethnography can help to open up the concept of gestion, to reveal how affect runs through the space of the municipality as through social life. The article offers a different entry into the study of the neoliberal State, by exploring how municipal authorities’ actions are shaped by relationships that go well beyond their official offices and hierarchies of the state.

Anthropologica. Vol. 30 Núm. 30 (2012)

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