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Desarrollo y medio ambiente. El rol de la bioética en un contexto de cambios ambientales globales
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-11-15) Castro Salvador, Sofía
Development and environment. Bioethics role in a framework of global environmental changesThe article intends to demonstrate how the dominant development model drives the planet to environmental unsustainable limits. Since the 1950s the development model has been led by economic growth without considering other dimensions as social or environmental. Maddison (2005) explains both production and population have been significantly increased in the last century; however, at the same time regional blocs’ gaps have augmented, persisting poverty levels and malnutrition in some countries.However, production and consumption levels have risen triggering an energetic and environmental crisis. These levels have become unsustainable and are driven the world to catastrophic scenarios. In this context, bioethics rises to give people’s guidance concerning personal, social and naturebehavior. Anyway, behavior changes should happen in the shortest term since this will shape the future of the planet and humanity
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Responsabilidad social en la investigación con humanos
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-11-15) Pfeiffer, María Luisa
Social responsibility in research with human beingsIt seems anachronistic to keep on talking of ethics and bioethics in a globalized culture. All ethics is based on a responsibility that acknowledges the value of the other because it forces an answer and this answer is supposed to be free. The exercise of freedom improves, grows, increases when limits are part of it. The possibilities of the answer are constructed by exchange when the limits act upon the behavior of the individual. In bioethics there is a strong tendency to associate responsibility with acts of individual relation. This neglects the strictly solidary character of responsibility. Freedom is conditioned by equality but much more by solidarity. Solidarity forces us to accept limits imposed to us by coexistence. Health is the space where this becomes relevant. Therefore it is necessary to think of social responsibility from a bioethics perspective based on human rights, especially on the right to health. This work does precisely that, focusing on research with human beings.
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Vivir y morir según la ley. Reflexiones teóricas interdisciplinarias sobre la vida de la persona y el derecho a la vida
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-11-15) Siverino Bavio, Paula; Mujica, Jaris
To live and die according to law. Interdisciplinary theoretical thoughts on person’s life and the right to lifeThe article discusses different considerations on the right to lifeand life protected by law from an anthropologic and legal bioethics perspective based on the analysis made between «the living’s life» and «the person’s life» distinctions as well as thoughts about ill person’s will restrictions at the final stage of his life.
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Bioética, medicamentos, conflicto de intereses y control de calidad
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-11-15) La Rosa Rodríguez, Emilio
Bioethics, medicines, interests conflict and quality controlThe article analyzes the problems of pharmaceutical advertising that distorts, exaggerates or hides certain information (side effects of drugs), as well as the work of pharmaceutical sales representatives, the problem of drugs’ risk, marketing authorization, access to drugs, therapeutic practice, conflicts of interest, and quality control in medicine. These issues have a greater importance in public health; since the lack of respect for the fundamental principles of bioethics (benefit, not harm, autonomy and consent) has a direct impact on the health of the population.
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Vulnerabilidad entre derechos humanos y bioética. Relaciones tormentosas, conflictos insolutos
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-11-15) Kottow, Miguel
Vulnerability, human rights, and bioethics. Turbulentrelationships, unsolved conflicts.Vulnerability as potential harm has been confused with actual damage, leading to the improper conclusion that those already harmed, therefore wrongly called vulnerable, are considered unable to take care of their own interests. Fragile, but as yet unharmed, vulnerability is an anthropological trait that implies liberty and equality as proclaimed by human rights, as well as by the ethics fundamental to all human endeavors. The universality of human rights has been put to question, arguing that they can only be claimed by individuals who are recognized as citizens. Also, different cultures and specific social groups demand the recognition of rights that are respectful of their singularity, and therefore not universal.The fundamental rights to liberty need to be complemented by political and social rights that take care of actual needs, harms and disempowerment. This kind of language is proper to bioethics, a discipline focused upon human interventions on vital processes, deliberating upon sensitive issues that require decisions as well as normative public policies of social practices that pertain to its realm of reflection.
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Ética, bioética y los desafíos del siglo XXI
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-11-15) Freitas Drumond, José Geraldo de
The contemporary world is characterized by a formidable accumulation of scientific knowledge, which is responsible for developing the technology that permeates all latitudes of the planet and is incorporated, so virtually irreplaceably, to the daily life of human beings. However, the world is in a borderline: serious responsibilities determined by the process of increasingly aggressive human intervention in the biosphere (accelerating its deterioration) and the very human biology, reaching its genetic identity. Humanity is wrapped in a moral dilemma, since it is found that most of the benefits offered by human knowledge —the whole set of scientific and technological progress of humanity— remains inaccessible to most of the universal family. A recurring issue in today’s society is to establish the boundaries between normal and abnormal, between natural and artificial. Is the human being willing, once again, to transgress the parameters established by her concerning what is normal, anatomically and physiologically? Will she not be satisfied by merely making her biological structure sufficiently adapted to the current practices of the species? Will she want more? In the singular historical transition experienced by contemporary society, the emergence of a new ethical reflection to modulate human behavior has become imperative, so that the actions of men and women can converge to the achievement of universal benefits, so as not to endanger the very survival of human beings on the planet.
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Las semillas transgénicas: ¿un debate bioético?
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012-11-15) Casquier, Jesús; Ortiz, Rodomiro
Transgenic seeds: A bioethics debate?The aim of this paper is to analyze, from a bioethical perspective, the social, cultural, environmental and moral impacts of the use of biotechnology for breeding transgenic crops. We place greater emphasis with regard to the use of transgenic seeds in agriculture, and their advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional crops. Transgenic crops are genetically modified organisms (GMO). There have been two antagonistic views about transgenic crops only due to its definition. We address the issue of transgenic seeds presenting these two views, and make a bioethical analysis that allows us to make a synthesis that may set what could be the most appropriate standing on this issue in light of bioethical principles.

Derecho PUCP. Núm. 69 (2012)

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