Explorando por Autor "Castro Morales, Álvaro"

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Autoría mediata por aparatos organizados de poder y coautoría en el ámbito empresarial: ¿solución frente a las limitaciones del derecho chileno para castigar como autores a los órganos directivos de las empresas?
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-11-24) Contreras Chaimovich, Lautaro Camilo; Castro Morales, Álvaro
In Chilean law, difficulties arise when it comes to ascribing criminal responsibility to corporate management bodies that give orders to their subordinates to commit intentional crimes of domination, which is explained by a variety of reasons, both dogmatic and of positive law. According to the “individual ascription of legal responsibility model”, the direct perpetrator of a crime is the person who carries out both the actus rea and means rea of an offence, without grounds for justificatory or excusatory defenses of guilt. Due to the existing division between making decisions and taking action in the corporate sphere, management bodies do not typically carry out the respective criminal conduct and, consequently, cannot be perceived as principal perpetrators. Moreover, they will often avoid making co-perpetration contributions, as described in article 15, Nos 1 and 3 of the Chilean Criminal Code. On the other hand, it is uncommon for them to use instruments that are not fully responsible for the perpetration of a crime, and thus cannot be considered as principal perpetrators by proxy. Therefore, corporate management bodies may only be held liable as instigators. Furthermore, the approach of German jurisprudence, according to which it is possible to extend the concept of organizational control to the corporate field, and thus punish the superior bodies that issue unlawful instructions as perpetrators by proxy, cannot be accepted in Chilean law; nor can the doctrinal proposal to make managers who order their subordinates to commit crimes liable as co-perpetrators be accepted.
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Ejecución de la pena de prisión de adultos en Alemania: análisis de las leyes estaduales a la luz de la Ley Federal de 1976 y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional Federal Alemán (BVerfG)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2019-05-27) Castro Morales, Álvaro
The article examines some of the legislative changes of the 2006 reform of adult prisons Law in Germany. The 2006 reform gave the Länder competence to regulate the execution of the prison sentence, generating a wave of new prison laws in the country. This article examines whether the new legislation regarding the adult prison sentences reflects the lineages of the federal law of 1976 and the case law standards of the BVerfG in this area.The aim is to know the issues where the criteria of federal law and BVerfG’s case-law influence state legislation, on the other hand, the issues where state laws have innovated. At the same time, it also intends to make a critical analysis of whether the adherence or innovation of state laws signifies an advance with respect to previous regulations.