Ecuaciones lineales con dos variables: una visión desde la matemática en el contexto de las ciencias con estudiantes del cuarto grado de secundaria
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2018-09-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La investigación tiene como objetivo general, el estudio del aprendizaje de los Sistemas de
Ecuaciones Lineales con dos variables por medio de la categorización de problemas
contextualizados de la Matemática en el Contexto de las Ciencias (MCC).
La tesis es realizada con el marco teórico anterior, en su fase didáctica, que tiene su modelo
didáctico denominado “Modelo Didáctico de la Matemática en Contexto” (MODIMACO) ,
utilizando uno de sus bloques: Estrategia Didáctica Matemática en Contexto.
La metodología que utilizamos es el Diseño de Programas de estudio de las Ciencias básicas en
Ingeniería (DIPCING) en su etapa Central, ya que ella nos permite analizar el tópico
matemático: Sistemas de Ecuaciones con dos Variables, verificar la profundidad del tema,
identificar la notación con la que se describe y analizar sus aplicaciones.
Para el desarrollo de la Didáctica Matemática en Contexto, que tiene nueve etapas, se utiliza la
etapa central de DIPCING, que está presente en todo medio de aprendizaje.
Se trabaja en grupos de tres estudiantes: El líder académico, el líder emocional y el líder de
trabajo.
Luego diseñamos una actividad didáctica con problemas contextualizados de primera y segunda
categoría, cuya función es evaluar el aprendizaje del tópico en investigación con los
lineamientos del marco teórico.
Esta actividad se aplica a una muestra de 20 estudiantes del quinto de secundaria de la Institución
Educativa “El Paraíso de Huachipa“, quienes en cuarto de secundaria desarrollaron este tópico.
De esta población analizamos sus respuestas, tomamos una muestra de tres estudiantes cuyas
actividades didácticas nos permiten realizar la descripción, explicación y análisis de los
resultados.
Concluimos que el tópico en investigación se presenta con dificultades didácticas y origina que
los estudiantes tengan dificultades cognitivas, y estas se incrementan al presentarles problemas
de segunda categoría.
The research has as a general objective, the study of the Learning of the Systems of Linear Equations with two variables by means of the categorization of contextualized problems of the Mathematics in the Context of the Sciences (MCC). The thesis is carried out with the previous theoretical framework, in its didactic phase, which has its didactic model called "Teaching Model of Mathematics in Context" (MODIMACO), using one of its blocks: Mathematical Teaching Strategy in Context. The methodology that we use is the Design of Programs of study of the Basic Sciences in Engineering (DIPCING) in its Central stage, since it allows us to analyze the mathematical topic: Systems of Equations with two Variables, verify the depth of the topic, identify the notation with which your applications are described and analyzed. For the development of Mathematical Didactics in Context, which has nine stages, the central stage of DIPCING is used, which is present in all learning environments. We work in groups of three students: the academic leader, the emotional leader and the work leader. Then we designed a didactic activity with contextualized problems of first and second category, whose function is to evaluate the learning of the topic in research with the guidelines of the theoretical framework. This activity is applied to a sample of 20 students of the fifth year of high school of the Educational Institution "El Paraíso de Huachipa", who in the fourth year of secondary school developed this topic. From this population we analyze their answers, we take a sample of three students whose didactic activities allow us to perform the description, explanation and analysis of the results. We conclude that the topic in research is presented with didactic difficulties and causes students to have cognitive difficulties, and these are increased by presenting problems of second category. Keywords: Context; Didactic Model; Teaching Strategy; Mathematical model.
The research has as a general objective, the study of the Learning of the Systems of Linear Equations with two variables by means of the categorization of contextualized problems of the Mathematics in the Context of the Sciences (MCC). The thesis is carried out with the previous theoretical framework, in its didactic phase, which has its didactic model called "Teaching Model of Mathematics in Context" (MODIMACO), using one of its blocks: Mathematical Teaching Strategy in Context. The methodology that we use is the Design of Programs of study of the Basic Sciences in Engineering (DIPCING) in its Central stage, since it allows us to analyze the mathematical topic: Systems of Equations with two Variables, verify the depth of the topic, identify the notation with which your applications are described and analyzed. For the development of Mathematical Didactics in Context, which has nine stages, the central stage of DIPCING is used, which is present in all learning environments. We work in groups of three students: the academic leader, the emotional leader and the work leader. Then we designed a didactic activity with contextualized problems of first and second category, whose function is to evaluate the learning of the topic in research with the guidelines of the theoretical framework. This activity is applied to a sample of 20 students of the fifth year of high school of the Educational Institution "El Paraíso de Huachipa", who in the fourth year of secondary school developed this topic. From this population we analyze their answers, we take a sample of three students whose didactic activities allow us to perform the description, explanation and analysis of the results. We conclude that the topic in research is presented with didactic difficulties and causes students to have cognitive difficulties, and these are increased by presenting problems of second category. Keywords: Context; Didactic Model; Teaching Strategy; Mathematical model.
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Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria), Resolución de problemas, Educación secundaria--Investigaciones
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