Corte Suprema y Constitución : la desconfiguración de nuestro más alto tribunal de justicia por obra de sus propios vocales supremos
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2022-03-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente tesis expone la dimensión de la función constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia (CSJ)
configurada con el fin de preservar el orden jurídico, así como producir y ordenar la jurisprudencia,
debiendo ejercer liderazgo en el sistema de justicia fijado precedentes vinculantes y doctrina
jurisprudencial. La tesis, en ese sentido, recuerda los debates de la Constitución de 1979, en donde se
refirió con énfasis el papel de la jurisprudencia y estableció la incorporación de la casación no como una
norma procesal, sino como una potestad que le confiere una función constitucional.
A partir de ello, la investigación exhibe algunos hallazgos que expresan disfuncionalidades institucionales
de la CSJ que vienen contribuyendo a desconfigurar el modelo constitucional, como la alta provisionalidad
de magistrados —la más alta del Poder Judicial— y que funciona con nueve Salas especializadas cuando
la LOPJ contempla solo tres; la designación de magistrados provisionales sin seguirse el estricto orden
de méritos contrariando la LOPJ y la LCJ, lo que se documenta con precisión identificando hechos
que acontecen; la alta rotación y cambios constantes de conformaciones de las Salas Supremas, sin
consultas a los afectados. De igual forma, la tesis analiza la situación de muchos vocales supremos que
adicionan a sus tareas jurisdiccionales labores administrativas, pese a la distinción que hacen los artículos
143° y 146° de la Constitución.
Finalmente, la tesis aborda el problema de la jurisprudencia y cómo las diversas Salas de la Corte Suprema
tomaron mucho tiempo para iniciar a establecer doctrina jurisprudencial y precedentes, existiendo en la
actualidad un desarrollo dispar en las Salas Especializadas, destacándose la contribución en la materia por
parte de las Salas Penales, analizándose algunos aspectos que para evitar que sigan llegando cada vez más
casos a nuestro alto tribunal de justicia.
La investigación apunta a que, si se busca una Corte Suprema orientadora del Derecho a partir de
jurisprudencia de calidad, que otorgue seguridad jurídica, predictibilidad y falle en igualdad, debe
considerarse un número razonable de casos que pueda gestionarse a su interior. La tesis considera que
para abordar estos problemas se debe partir por reconocer que existe un problema, superando el actual
escenario negacionista de los vocales supremos, así como la indiferencia la Academia y el foro; considerar
así que hemos normalizado una situación anómala que se expresa en la alta sobrecarga de casos que
recibe la CSJ que superar los 48 mil expedientes al año, una provisionalidad que llega al 80%, constantes
cambios en la conformación de las Salas Supremas al iniciar el año judicial y cuando lo considere la
presidencia — 13 veces en este año 2021—entre otros aspectos que contribuyen a debilitar o
afectar garantías institucionales contempladas en la Constitución, como el principios de independencia,
inamovilidad y juez predeterminado por ley.
This thesis presents the dimension of the constitutional function of the Supreme Court configured to preserve the legal order, as well as to produce and order jurisprudence, having to exercise leadership in the justice system set binding precedents and jurisprudential doctrine. The thesis, in this sense, recalls the debates of the 1979 Constitution, where the role of jurisprudence and the Supreme Court was emphasized and where the incorporation of cassation was established not as a procedural norm, but as a power that confers on it a constitutional function. Based on this, the investigation shows some findings that express institutional dysfunctionalities of the Supreme Court of Justice that have been contributing to misconfigure the constitutional model, such as the high provisionality of magistrates - the highest in the Judiciary - and that it operates with nine specialized Chambers when the LOPJ contemplates only three; the appointment of provisional magistrates without following the strict order of merits contrary to the LOPJ and the LCJ, which is documented with precision by identifying events that occur; the high turnover and constant changes in the conformations of the Supreme Chambers, without consulting those affected. Similarly, the thesis analyzes the situation of many supreme members who add administrative tasks to their jurisdictional tasks, despite the distinction made by articles 143 and 146 of the Constitution. Finally, the thesis addresses the problem of jurisprudence and how the various Chambers of the Supreme Court took a long time to begin to establish jurisprudential doctrine and precedents, currently existing a disparate development in the Specialized Chambers, highlighting the development of the Criminal Chambers , highlighting that regulatory adjustments are required in the matter and that there is a better application of the appeal to prevent the Supreme Court from becoming one more instance that encourages the arrival of more cases that continues to congest our high court and especially the Chambers of Constitutional and Social Law. In this sense, the thesis points out that, if a Supreme Court orienting Law is sought based on quality jurisprudence, which provides predictability, legal certainty and preserves the principle of equality, the importance of a reasonable number of cases must be taken into account. that can be managed, and efforts must be made in this way. The thesis considers that in order to address these problems, it is necessary to start by recognizing that there is a problem, overcoming the current situation of comfort of the supreme magistrates, the forum and the academy, which have normalized an anomalous situation such as the one that affects the Supreme Court with an overload of cases that exceeds 48 thousand a year, with a provisional status of 80%, with constant changes in the composition at the beginning of the judicial year and when the presidency considers it —13 times in this year 2021—, among other aspects that contribute to weaken or affect institutional
This thesis presents the dimension of the constitutional function of the Supreme Court configured to preserve the legal order, as well as to produce and order jurisprudence, having to exercise leadership in the justice system set binding precedents and jurisprudential doctrine. The thesis, in this sense, recalls the debates of the 1979 Constitution, where the role of jurisprudence and the Supreme Court was emphasized and where the incorporation of cassation was established not as a procedural norm, but as a power that confers on it a constitutional function. Based on this, the investigation shows some findings that express institutional dysfunctionalities of the Supreme Court of Justice that have been contributing to misconfigure the constitutional model, such as the high provisionality of magistrates - the highest in the Judiciary - and that it operates with nine specialized Chambers when the LOPJ contemplates only three; the appointment of provisional magistrates without following the strict order of merits contrary to the LOPJ and the LCJ, which is documented with precision by identifying events that occur; the high turnover and constant changes in the conformations of the Supreme Chambers, without consulting those affected. Similarly, the thesis analyzes the situation of many supreme members who add administrative tasks to their jurisdictional tasks, despite the distinction made by articles 143 and 146 of the Constitution. Finally, the thesis addresses the problem of jurisprudence and how the various Chambers of the Supreme Court took a long time to begin to establish jurisprudential doctrine and precedents, currently existing a disparate development in the Specialized Chambers, highlighting the development of the Criminal Chambers , highlighting that regulatory adjustments are required in the matter and that there is a better application of the appeal to prevent the Supreme Court from becoming one more instance that encourages the arrival of more cases that continues to congest our high court and especially the Chambers of Constitutional and Social Law. In this sense, the thesis points out that, if a Supreme Court orienting Law is sought based on quality jurisprudence, which provides predictability, legal certainty and preserves the principle of equality, the importance of a reasonable number of cases must be taken into account. that can be managed, and efforts must be made in this way. The thesis considers that in order to address these problems, it is necessary to start by recognizing that there is a problem, overcoming the current situation of comfort of the supreme magistrates, the forum and the academy, which have normalized an anomalous situation such as the one that affects the Supreme Court with an overload of cases that exceeds 48 thousand a year, with a provisional status of 80%, with constant changes in the composition at the beginning of the judicial year and when the presidency considers it —13 times in this year 2021—, among other aspects that contribute to weaken or affect institutional
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Perú. Corte Suprema de Justicia--Jurisprudencia, Administración de justicia--Perú, Función pública
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