Respecto a la actividad empresarial del Estado: ¿Cuándo nos encontramos en un supuesto de competencia desleal?
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2023-04-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente artículo académico analizaremos la actividad empresarial del Estado
teniendo como base los artículos 58, 59 y 60 de la Constitución Política del Perú
(CPP) y de forma conjunta el artículo 14.3 de la Ley de Represión de
Competencia Desleal (LRCD), logrando definir cual es el rol del Estado en la
economía social de mercado amparado por los principios de subsidiariedad y
solidaridad.
Así, demarcaremos cuales son los supuestos en los que el Estado puede
intervenir como agente económico y sus requisitos diferenciándolos de los
supuestos de Ius imperium, deber del Estado y actividades consideradas
asistenciales.
Finalmente, analizaremos casos claves y determinantes que nos han permitido
delimitar los supuestos en los que estamos o no frente a actividad empresarial y
cuando nos encontraríamos ante competencia desleal. Estos casos son los
siguiente: El de la pollería el Rancho, el caso del Instituto Peruano del Deporte
(IPD) y finalmente el caso de las veterinarias municipales.
Concluiremos así señalando que el Estado solo mediante ley expresa, de forma
subsidiaria y cuando verse sobre alto interés público o manifiesta conveniencia
nacional, puede desarrollar actividad empresarial. El principio de subsidiaridad
es un principio que implica que el Estado solo interviene cuando los intereses
generales no pueden ser satisfechos por los privados, esta puede ser vertical u
horizontal. Las tres formas en las cuales el Estado puede intervenir en la
economía sin calificar como actividad empresarial son las actividades Ius
imperium, deber del Estado y actividades consideradas asistenciales.
In this academic article we will analyze the entrepreneurial activity of the State based on articles 58, 59 and 60 of the Political Constitution of Peru and jointly on article 14.3 of the Law for the Repression of Unfair Competition, defining the role of the State in the social market economy protected by the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity. This, we will demarcate which are the cases in which the State can intervene as an economic agent and its requirements, differentiating them from the cases of Ius imperium, duty of the State and activities considered as welfare activities. Finally, we will analyze key and determining cases that have allowed us to delimit the cases in which we are or are not in front of business activity and when we would find ourselves in front of unfair competition. These cases are the following: The case of the poultry store El Rancho, the case of the Peruvian Sports Institute (IPD) and finally the case of the municipal veterinaries. We will conclude by pointing out that the State can only develop business activities by means of an express law, in a subsidiary manner and when it is of high public interest or manifest national convenience. The principle of subsidiarity is a principle that implies that the State only intervenes when the general interests cannot be satisfied by the private sector, this can be vertical or horizontal. The three ways in which the State may intervene in the economy without qualifying as a business activity are Ius imperium activities, State duty and activities considered to be welfare activities.
In this academic article we will analyze the entrepreneurial activity of the State based on articles 58, 59 and 60 of the Political Constitution of Peru and jointly on article 14.3 of the Law for the Repression of Unfair Competition, defining the role of the State in the social market economy protected by the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity. This, we will demarcate which are the cases in which the State can intervene as an economic agent and its requirements, differentiating them from the cases of Ius imperium, duty of the State and activities considered as welfare activities. Finally, we will analyze key and determining cases that have allowed us to delimit the cases in which we are or are not in front of business activity and when we would find ourselves in front of unfair competition. These cases are the following: The case of the poultry store El Rancho, the case of the Peruvian Sports Institute (IPD) and finally the case of the municipal veterinaries. We will conclude by pointing out that the State can only develop business activities by means of an express law, in a subsidiary manner and when it is of high public interest or manifest national convenience. The principle of subsidiarity is a principle that implies that the State only intervenes when the general interests cannot be satisfied by the private sector, this can be vertical or horizontal. The three ways in which the State may intervene in the economy without qualifying as a business activity are Ius imperium activities, State duty and activities considered to be welfare activities.
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Competencia económica desleal--Legislación--Perú, Subsidiariedad--Legislación--Perú, Empresas públicas--Perú, Economía social de mercado--Perú