El acto jurídico de mandato sin representación y la vigencia de su uso en sede notarial, así como su acceso al Registro Público
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2022-03-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente artículo jurídico se refiere al acto jurídico denominado por el Código
Civil peruano de 1984 como ¨Mandato sin Representación¨, regulado en el artículo
1809 de la citada norma legal de la siguiente manera:
¨El mandatario que actúa en nombre propio adquiere los derechos y asume las
obligaciones derivados de los actos que celebra en interés y por cuenta del
mandante, aun cuando los terceros hayan tenido conocimiento del mandato.¨
Esta figura jurídica presenta distintas aristas, que van desde su configuración de
origen hasta aquellas vinculadas al quehacer registral, tales como su inscripción
en el registro de mandatos y poderes de los Registros Públicos, así como sus
eventuales escenarios de incumplimiento y de ejecución satisfactoria del mandato.
El presente documento buscará evaluar si la referida figura jurídica tiene un uso
activo en la actualidad a nivel peruano, mediante consultas a las principales
Notarías de Lima y a algunas de los departamentos del interior del país. Asimismo,
se realizará la compulsa respectiva a efectos de determinar cuántos actos de
Mandato sin Representación se han inscrito durante los años 2020 a 2021 y si
dicho número es representativo para el escenario jurídico peruano.
Una vez obtenida esta data, resultará pertinente analizar si existe una razón de
técnica normativa o de defecto en las consecuencias del acto que produzcan que
la figura jurídica materia de comentario esté siendo sub-utilizada. Las posibles
razones para ello pueden ir desde el desconocimiento de la comunidad jurídica
(abogados y notarios) referentes a sus características o que el Mandato Sin
representación, a la fecha, no constituye un acto práctico que lleve a las partes a
la consecución de sus intereses en el mercado.
This Academic Research Plan refers to the legal act called by the Peruvian Civil Code of 1984 as "Mandate without Representation", regulated in article 1809 of the aforementioned legal norm as follows: ¨The agent who acts in his own name acquires the rights and assumes the obligations derived from the acts that he celebrates in the interest and on behalf of the principal, even when third parties have had knowledge of the mandate.¨ This legal figure presents different aspects, ranging from its original configuration to those related to the registry, such as its registration in the registry of mandates and powers of the Public Registries, as well as its eventual scenarios of noncompliance and satisfactory execution of the mandate. This document will seek to assess whether the aforementioned legal figure is currently in active use in Perú, through consultations with the main Notaries of Lima and some of the regions in the interior of the country. Likewise, the respective search will be carried out in order to determine how many acts of Mandate without Representation have been registered during the years 2020 to 2021 and if said number is representative for the Peruvian legal scenario. Once this data has been obtained, it will be pertinent to analyze whether there is a normative technical reason or defect in the consequences of the act that causes the legal figure subject to comment to be underused. The possible reasons for this may range from the ignorance of the legal community (lawyers and notaries) regarding its characteristics or that the Mandate without representation, to date, does not constitute a practical act that could lead the parties to the achievement of their interests in the market.
This Academic Research Plan refers to the legal act called by the Peruvian Civil Code of 1984 as "Mandate without Representation", regulated in article 1809 of the aforementioned legal norm as follows: ¨The agent who acts in his own name acquires the rights and assumes the obligations derived from the acts that he celebrates in the interest and on behalf of the principal, even when third parties have had knowledge of the mandate.¨ This legal figure presents different aspects, ranging from its original configuration to those related to the registry, such as its registration in the registry of mandates and powers of the Public Registries, as well as its eventual scenarios of noncompliance and satisfactory execution of the mandate. This document will seek to assess whether the aforementioned legal figure is currently in active use in Perú, through consultations with the main Notaries of Lima and some of the regions in the interior of the country. Likewise, the respective search will be carried out in order to determine how many acts of Mandate without Representation have been registered during the years 2020 to 2021 and if said number is representative for the Peruvian legal scenario. Once this data has been obtained, it will be pertinent to analyze whether there is a normative technical reason or defect in the consequences of the act that causes the legal figure subject to comment to be underused. The possible reasons for this may range from the ignorance of the legal community (lawyers and notaries) regarding its characteristics or that the Mandate without representation, to date, does not constitute a practical act that could lead the parties to the achievement of their interests in the market.
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Perú. Código Civil (1984), Derecho notarial--Perú, Registros públicos--Legislación--Perú