Estilos motivacionales docente, necesidades psicológicas básicas, autoeficacia docente y core of burnout en docentes de primaria de Lima Metropolitana
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2023-09-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Empleando la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (Ryan y Deci, 2017) se estudió los estilos
motivacionales docentes que se definen como aquellos comportamientos que el docente
utiliza para motivar la participación de sus estudiantes en las distintas actividades de
clase (Reeve, 2009). El estilo de apoyo a la autonomía consiste en cómo el docente
desarrolla los recursos motivacionales internos del estudiante durante las sesiones de
clase, generando condiciones favorables para que los estudiantes adopten sus propias
perspectivas. Por otro lado, en el estilo controlador el docente insiste en que los
estudiantes piensen, sientan o se comporten de una cierta manera y adopten la
perspectiva que posee el docente. El estilo de apoyo a la autonomía promueve la
satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB, autonomía, competencia,
relación) lo cual favorece el funcionamiento óptimo y resultados adaptativos (bienestar,
autoeficacia docente, entre otros). Por otro lado, la frustración de las NPB predice
resultados maladaptativos (malestar, burnout, entre otros). Esta investigación tiene como
objetivo estudiar la relación entre los estilos motivacionales del docente (apoyo a la
autonomía/controlador), necesidades psicológicas básicas (satisfacción/frustración),
autoeficacia docente y core of burnout en un grupo de docentes de primaria durante la
pandemia. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 193 profesores de educación básica regular
de Lima Metropolitana. La edad promedio de los docentes fue de 38.33 años (DE =
8.94). Los instrumentos utilizados mostraron evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en la
muestra estudiada. Para analizar el modelo hipotético se realizó un análisis de senderos.
Así, el modelo alcanzó índices de ajuste adecuados (X2= 6.70, df = 4, p = .153, RMSEA
= .06, CFI= .99, SRMR = .025). Se encontró que el estilo de apoyo a la autonomía
predice de manera positiva la satisfacción de las NPB y esta predice de manera positiva
la autoeficacia y de manera negativa el core of burnout. Además, el estilo de apoyo a la
autonomía predijo de manera negativa la frustración de las NPB y esta predice de manera
positiva el core of burnout. Distinto a lo esperado, el estilo controlador no predijo
ninguna de las variables estudiadas. Los resultados, limitaciones e implicancias se
discutirán a la luz de la teoría estudiada.
Using Self-Determination Theory as a framework (Ryan & Deci, 2017), teachers motivating style is defined as what teachers do to motivate the participation of their students in the different class activities (Reeve, 2009). The autonomy support style consists in the way the teacher nurtures and develops the student's internal motivational resources during the class sessions, promoting favorable conditions so students can adopt their own perspectives. On the other hand, in the controlling style, the teacher insists that students think, feel, or behave in a specific way and that they adopt the teacher's perspective. The autonomy support style satisfies the basic psychological needs (BPN, autonomy, competence, relatedness) which favors optimal functioning and adaptive outcomes (well-being, teacher self-efficacy, among others). On the other hand, BPN frustration predicts maladaptive outcomes (ill-being, core of burnout, among others). This research aims to analyze the relationship between teacher motivational styles (autonomy support/controlling), basic psychological needs (satisfaction/frustration), teacher selfefficacy, and core of burnout in a group of primary school teachers during the pandemic. The sample consisted of 193 teachers from different schools in Lima (Peru). The mean age of the teachers was 38.33 years-old (SD = 8.94). The instruments that were used in this research showed evidence of validity and reliability for this sample. To analyze the hypothetical model, a path analysis was performed. Thus, the model obtained adequate fit indices (X2= 6.70, df = 4, p = .153, RMSEA = .061, CFI= .99, SRMR = .025). The autonomy support style was found to positively predict self-efficacy and this relationship was mediated by BPN satisfaction. Likewise, BPN satisfaction negatively predicted core of burnout. Furthermore, autonomy support style negatively predicted the core of burnout and this relationship is mediated by BPN frustration. Contrary to the expectations, the controlling style did not predict any of the studied variables. The results, limitations and implications will be discussed.
Using Self-Determination Theory as a framework (Ryan & Deci, 2017), teachers motivating style is defined as what teachers do to motivate the participation of their students in the different class activities (Reeve, 2009). The autonomy support style consists in the way the teacher nurtures and develops the student's internal motivational resources during the class sessions, promoting favorable conditions so students can adopt their own perspectives. On the other hand, in the controlling style, the teacher insists that students think, feel, or behave in a specific way and that they adopt the teacher's perspective. The autonomy support style satisfies the basic psychological needs (BPN, autonomy, competence, relatedness) which favors optimal functioning and adaptive outcomes (well-being, teacher self-efficacy, among others). On the other hand, BPN frustration predicts maladaptive outcomes (ill-being, core of burnout, among others). This research aims to analyze the relationship between teacher motivational styles (autonomy support/controlling), basic psychological needs (satisfaction/frustration), teacher selfefficacy, and core of burnout in a group of primary school teachers during the pandemic. The sample consisted of 193 teachers from different schools in Lima (Peru). The mean age of the teachers was 38.33 years-old (SD = 8.94). The instruments that were used in this research showed evidence of validity and reliability for this sample. To analyze the hypothetical model, a path analysis was performed. Thus, the model obtained adequate fit indices (X2= 6.70, df = 4, p = .153, RMSEA = .061, CFI= .99, SRMR = .025). The autonomy support style was found to positively predict self-efficacy and this relationship was mediated by BPN satisfaction. Likewise, BPN satisfaction negatively predicted core of burnout. Furthermore, autonomy support style negatively predicted the core of burnout and this relationship is mediated by BPN frustration. Contrary to the expectations, the controlling style did not predict any of the studied variables. The results, limitations and implications will be discussed.
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Educación primaria--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Personal docente--Perú--Lima Metropolitana--Aspectos psicológicos, Motivación (Educación)--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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