Informe Jurídico sobre la Casación N°1464-2021/Apurímac
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Date
2024-08-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El 8 de marzo de 2019, los señores Alejandro Huilca Pinares, Julián Ochoa Aysa,
Alejandra Ochoa Puma y Rodmy Cabrera Espinal fueron sentenciados por el delito de
entorpecimiento al funcionamiento de los servicios públicos en agravio del Estado; en
consecuencia, se les condenó a 4 años de pena privativa de libertad suspendida en su
ejecución por el plazo de 2 años, se establecieron reglas de conducta y se fijó una
reparación civil de 2 mil soles. Esta condena, en los hechos, se basó en la interrupción
de una carretera situada en la comunidad campesina de Quehuira, la cual duró
aproximadamente 20 minutos, no tuvo muestras de violencia y no generó afectación al
Estado o a cualquier otro ciudadano.
Los sentenciados apelaron dicha decisión, pero la Sala Penal de Apelaciones de la
Corte Superior de Justicia de Apurímac confirmó la sentencia. Por ello, promovieron el
recurso de casación frente a esta última decisión; sin embargo, la Sala Penal
Permanente de la Corte de Justicia de la República, declaró infundado el recurso de
casación y confirmó la sentencia de primera instancia indicando expresamente que el
derecho a la protesta trasluce un desvalor debido a que impone, en cualquier
circunstancia, una determinada opinión, incluso aunque ello requiera del acto de lesionar
o dañar deliberadamente. Frente a ello, el objetivo del presente informe es analizar si la
decisión de la Sala Penal Permanente de la Corte de Justicia de la República se alinea
a los estándares del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos.
On March 8, 2019, Messrs. Alejandro Huilca Pinares, Julián Ochoa Aysa, Alejandra Ochoa Puma and Rodmy Cabrera Espinal were sentenced for the crime of obstructing the operation of public services to the detriment of the State; consequently, they were sentenced to 4 years of prison suspended for the term of 2 years, rules of conduct were established and a civil reparation of 2 thousand soles was set. This sentence, in the facts, was based on the interruption of a road located in the rural community of Quehuira, which lasted approximately 20 minutes, had no signs of violence and did not affect the State or any other citizen. The defendants appealed the decision, but the Criminal Appeals Chamber of the Superior Court of Justice of Apurimac confirmed the sentence. However, the Permanent Criminal Chamber of the Court of Justice of the Republic declared the appeal unfounded and upheld the first instance sentence, expressly stating that the right to protest has a devaluation because it imposes, in any circumstance, a certain opinion, even if it requires the act of deliberately injuring or damaging. In view of this, the purpose of this report is to analyze whether the decision of the Permanent Criminal Chamber of the Court of Justice of the Republic is in line with the standards of International Human Rights Law.
On March 8, 2019, Messrs. Alejandro Huilca Pinares, Julián Ochoa Aysa, Alejandra Ochoa Puma and Rodmy Cabrera Espinal were sentenced for the crime of obstructing the operation of public services to the detriment of the State; consequently, they were sentenced to 4 years of prison suspended for the term of 2 years, rules of conduct were established and a civil reparation of 2 thousand soles was set. This sentence, in the facts, was based on the interruption of a road located in the rural community of Quehuira, which lasted approximately 20 minutes, had no signs of violence and did not affect the State or any other citizen. The defendants appealed the decision, but the Criminal Appeals Chamber of the Superior Court of Justice of Apurimac confirmed the sentence. However, the Permanent Criminal Chamber of the Court of Justice of the Republic declared the appeal unfounded and upheld the first instance sentence, expressly stating that the right to protest has a devaluation because it imposes, in any circumstance, a certain opinion, even if it requires the act of deliberately injuring or damaging. In view of this, the purpose of this report is to analyze whether the decision of the Permanent Criminal Chamber of the Court of Justice of the Republic is in line with the standards of International Human Rights Law.
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Derecho penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Movimientos de protesta--Perú, Derechos humanos--Perú
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