Análisis sobre el marco regulatorio para la promoción de los MERESE de regulación hídrica en el Perú y sus recomendaciones para su fomento
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2024-04-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El fenómeno del cambio climático se distingue por las elevadas temperaturas y
la modificación en las condiciones climáticas, lo cual está ocasionando múltiples
repercusiones ecológicas, incluyendo la escasez de agua. Ante esta situación
urgente, las Naciones Unidas insta a los paises miembros a gestionar
adecuadamente este recurso.
En este sentido, países como Perú, que se ha visto fuertemente afectado por la
escasez de agua potable y de calidad, ha implementado diversas estrategias,
entre ellas, una herramienta financiera llamada Mecanismo de Retribución por
Servicios Ecosistémicos - MERESE.
Mediante esta herramienta, se busca preservar el agua en sus fuentes naturales
como ríos, lagos y lagunas, a través de acuerdos voluntarios entre los que
contribuyen y los que reciben los beneficios de este servicio.
Desde el año 2014, este mecanismo está regulado por la Ley 30215 - Ley de
mecanismos de retribución por servicios ecosistémicos y su reglamento. Sin
embargo, hasta el momento, su aplicación a nivel nacional no es amplia debido
a obstáculos institucionales.
Además, en el caso específico de los MERESE aplicados por las empresas
prestadoras de servicios de saneamiento - EPS, surgen problemas relacionados
con el cálculo de las tarifas, la identificación de los contribuyentes y beneficiarios
de dicho servicio, y la contratación a través de los mecanismos establecidos por
el Estado.
Estos mecanismos no contemplan la necesidad de un sistema especial para
invertir los fondos del MERESE y contratar directamente con las comunidades
campesinas, que son los principales contribuyentes. En conclusión, si se
resuelven estos obstáculos, existen oportunidades para una aplicación más
eficiente de los MERESE hidricos en nuestro país.
The phenomenon of climate change is distinguished by high temperatures and the modification of climatic conditions, which is causing multiple ecological repercussions, including water scarcity. In the face of this urgent situation, the United Nations urges member countries to manage this resource properly. In this sense, countries such as Peru, which has been heavily affected by the shortage of clean and quality water, have implemented various strategies, including a financial tool called the Ecosystem Services Remuneration Mechanism (MERESE). Through this tool, the aim is to preserve water in its natural sources such as rivers, lakes, and lagoons, through voluntary agreements between those who contribute and those who receive the benefits of this service. Since 2014, this mechanism has been regulated by Law 30215 - Law on mechanisms for remunerating ecosystem services and its regulation. However, at the national level, its implementation is not extensive due to institutional obstacles. Furthermore, in the specific case of MERESE applied by water service providers (EPS), problems arise in relation to tariff calculation, identifying contributors and beneficiaries of this service, and contracting through mechanisms established by the State. These mechanisms do not consider the need for a special system to invest MERESE funds and directly contract with peasant communities, who are the main contributors. In conclusion, if these obstacles are resolved, there are opportunities for a more efficient implementation of water-related MERESE in our country.
The phenomenon of climate change is distinguished by high temperatures and the modification of climatic conditions, which is causing multiple ecological repercussions, including water scarcity. In the face of this urgent situation, the United Nations urges member countries to manage this resource properly. In this sense, countries such as Peru, which has been heavily affected by the shortage of clean and quality water, have implemented various strategies, including a financial tool called the Ecosystem Services Remuneration Mechanism (MERESE). Through this tool, the aim is to preserve water in its natural sources such as rivers, lakes, and lagoons, through voluntary agreements between those who contribute and those who receive the benefits of this service. Since 2014, this mechanism has been regulated by Law 30215 - Law on mechanisms for remunerating ecosystem services and its regulation. However, at the national level, its implementation is not extensive due to institutional obstacles. Furthermore, in the specific case of MERESE applied by water service providers (EPS), problems arise in relation to tariff calculation, identifying contributors and beneficiaries of this service, and contracting through mechanisms established by the State. These mechanisms do not consider the need for a special system to invest MERESE funds and directly contract with peasant communities, who are the main contributors. In conclusion, if these obstacles are resolved, there are opportunities for a more efficient implementation of water-related MERESE in our country.
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Servicio de los ecosistemas--Perú, Derecho ambiental--Legislación--Perú, Recursos hidrológicos--Legislación--Perú
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