Representaciones de apego adulto y sensibilidad paterna en padres de nivel socioeconómico bajo
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2016-05-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo central explorar y establecer la relación entre las representaciones de apego adulto y la sensibilidad paterna en un grupo de padres de niños en edad preescolar, en contextos socioeconómicos bajos. Para este propósito se evaluó a 12 padres con edades entre 29 y 40 años (M = 33.75, DE = 3.16) de niños con edades entre 53 y 72 meses (M = 58.92, DE = 5.64), de niveles socioeconómicos C inferior (4 padres) y D (8 padres). Se utilizó dos instrumentos, el Attachment Script Assesment (ASA) para las representaciones de apego y el Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-set (MBPQS) para la sensibilidad. No se encontró asociación significativa entre las representaciones de apego adulto y la sensibilidad paterna global. No obstante, se halló una asociación significativa, fuerte e inversa entre las historias que evalúan la seguridad en relaciones adultas y la escala Contribución a interacciones armoniosas. Además, se tuvo como objetivo específico describir las representaciones, encontrando bajas puntuaciones en el promedio general como para cada una de las cuatro historias propuestas. Como segundo objetivo específico, se describió la sensibilidad paterna comparando los puntajes de observación con los criterios ideales teóricos. Para todos los casos, las puntuaciones de los participantes son significativamente inferiores, especialmente en la escala de Supervisión. La escala Contribución a interacciones armoniosas es la que más fuertemente se asocia a la sensibilidad paterna global, mientras que la escala Establecimiento de límites no muestra una asociación significativa. Estos resultados constituyen la primera aproximación al estudio de estos constructos en padres peruanos que viven en contextos de pobreza, y por tanto en situación de vulnerabilidad, y señalan la necesidad de continuar profundizando sobre las relaciones padre-hijo en diferentes contextos.
This research aims to explore and identify the relationship between attachment representations and parental sensitivity in a group of low-income fathers of preschoolers. We evaluated 12 parents between 29 and 40 years old (M = 33.75, SD = 3.16) of children, between 53 and 72 months old (M = 58.92, SD = 5.64). We used the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA) to evaluate adult attachment representations and the Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-set (MBPQS) for parental sensitivity. The results showed no significant association between attachment representations and sensitivity. However, a significant, strong and inverse association was found between the representations regarding adult relationships and the scale contribution to harmonious interactions. Furthermore, regarding the attachment representations, the results showed low scores in its overall average, as well as for each one of the stories. Additionally, we described parental sensitivity by comparing the scores of observation with the ideal criteria. In all cases, participants had significant lower scores, especially on the scale supervision. Contribution to harmonious interactions was the scale most strongly associated with parental sensitivity, while the Limit setting scale did not show a significant association. These results are the first approach to the study of these constructs in Peruvian fathers who live in poverty, facing risks and stressors, pointing the need to continue studying father-child relationships in different contexts.
This research aims to explore and identify the relationship between attachment representations and parental sensitivity in a group of low-income fathers of preschoolers. We evaluated 12 parents between 29 and 40 years old (M = 33.75, SD = 3.16) of children, between 53 and 72 months old (M = 58.92, SD = 5.64). We used the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA) to evaluate adult attachment representations and the Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-set (MBPQS) for parental sensitivity. The results showed no significant association between attachment representations and sensitivity. However, a significant, strong and inverse association was found between the representations regarding adult relationships and the scale contribution to harmonious interactions. Furthermore, regarding the attachment representations, the results showed low scores in its overall average, as well as for each one of the stories. Additionally, we described parental sensitivity by comparing the scores of observation with the ideal criteria. In all cases, participants had significant lower scores, especially on the scale supervision. Contribution to harmonious interactions was the scale most strongly associated with parental sensitivity, while the Limit setting scale did not show a significant association. These results are the first approach to the study of these constructs in Peruvian fathers who live in poverty, facing risks and stressors, pointing the need to continue studying father-child relationships in different contexts.
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Apego., Sensibilidad, Pobreza, Padres e hijos.
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