Factores críticos en la construcción sostenible: caso de una edificación para un hotel tres estrellas en el distrito de Miraflores, Lima
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2024-08-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En la actualidad, la construcción sostenible es un argumento que se pretende incorporar
en el Perú mediante diversos organismos y entidades. Del mismo modo, existe más de un
sistema encargado de certificar el nivel de sostenibilidad en base a sus propios estándares,
algunos de estos enfocados en determinados procesos y/o etapas por ser considerados de mayor
relevancia o impacto. Sin embargo, hay una carencia de estudios acerca del nivel de
sostenibilidad de edificaciones con certificaciones sostenibles que evidencien los desafíos y
factores que atraviesa la construcción sostenible considerando el impacto en el medio en un
aspecto integral.
El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es exponer los factores críticos que
atraviesa la construcción sostenible a partir del estudio de una edificación particular. Para lo
cual, se efectúa el análisis del nivel de sostenibilidad de un caso de estudio en los escenarios
base (real) y optimizado (certificación EDGE), y el análisis de las percepciones de un panel de
expertos y actores sociales sobre ambos escenarios.
Los resultados revelan que la etapa de uso de la edificación genera la mayor huella de
carbono, principalmente debido al consumo de energía. Si bien la adopción de las medidas de
eficiencia, propuestos por el sistema de certificación EDGE, garantiza la reducción en los
consumos de energía y agua durante la etapa operativa de la edificación, no garantiza prácticas
sostenibles en todo el ciclo de vida del proyecto. Además, se observa una inclinación tanto por
parte de expertos como de actores sociales en la construcción de edificaciones sostenibles. Sin
embargo, se destaca la necesidad de una mayor conciencia ambiental en la toma de decisiones
que promueva la implementación integral de la sostenibilidad en la construcción.
Sustainable construction in Peru is an argument that is currently being sought to be incorporated through various organizations and entities. Likewise, there is more than one system responsible for certifying the level of sustainability based on their own standards, some of which focus on certain processes and/or stages because they are considered of greater relevance or impact. However, there is a lack of studies regarding the sustainability level of buildings with sustainable certifications that demonstrate the challenges and factors that sustainable construction faces considering the impact on the environment in an integral aspect. The objective of this research is to expose the critical factors that sustainable construction faces based on the study of a particular building. For this purpose, the sustainability level analysis of a case study was carried out in both base (real) and optimized (EDGE certification) scenarios, as well as the analysis of perceptions from a panel of experts and social actors on both scenarios. The results reveal that the building's usage stage generates the highest carbon footprint, mainly due to energy consumption. Although implementing EDGE system efficiency measures ensures a reduction in energy and water consumption during the operational stage of the building, it does not guarantee sustainable practices throughout the project's life cycle. Additionally, there is a tendency among both experts and social actors towards the construction of sustainable buildings. However, there is a highlighted need for greater environmental awareness in decision-making to promote the comprehensive implementation of sustainability in construction.
Sustainable construction in Peru is an argument that is currently being sought to be incorporated through various organizations and entities. Likewise, there is more than one system responsible for certifying the level of sustainability based on their own standards, some of which focus on certain processes and/or stages because they are considered of greater relevance or impact. However, there is a lack of studies regarding the sustainability level of buildings with sustainable certifications that demonstrate the challenges and factors that sustainable construction faces considering the impact on the environment in an integral aspect. The objective of this research is to expose the critical factors that sustainable construction faces based on the study of a particular building. For this purpose, the sustainability level analysis of a case study was carried out in both base (real) and optimized (EDGE certification) scenarios, as well as the analysis of perceptions from a panel of experts and social actors on both scenarios. The results reveal that the building's usage stage generates the highest carbon footprint, mainly due to energy consumption. Although implementing EDGE system efficiency measures ensures a reduction in energy and water consumption during the operational stage of the building, it does not guarantee sustainable practices throughout the project's life cycle. Additionally, there is a tendency among both experts and social actors towards the construction of sustainable buildings. However, there is a highlighted need for greater environmental awareness in decision-making to promote the comprehensive implementation of sustainability in construction.
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Hoteles--Diseño y construcción, Construcción sostenible--Perú
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