La “Escuela del buen vivir”: El problema de la vivienda en Lima y la transformación de hábitos desde el Estado (1950-1961). El caso de Ciudad de Dios
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2019-08-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis estudia la forma en la que el Estado peruano de la década del cincuenta
intentó moldear los hábitos y costumbres del movimiento de pobladores durante los inicios
del Problema de la vivienda en Lima. Para lograr esto, la investigación se vale del análisis de
informes y documentos de distintos organismos estatales, así como del estudio de un caso
particular: la Urbanización popular de Ciudad de Dios (1954-1958), cuya reconstrucción
histórica se hizo posible gracias a lo consignado en diarios de la época, entrevistas y
documentación comunal. La tesis sostiene que, desde el Estado y las élites, se buscó convertir
al invasor de tierras y al habitante de tugurios en un tipo ideal de vecino propietario. En ese
sentido, la presente investigación argumenta que los organismos estatales creían que dicha
transformación de los modos de vida de los pobladores sería la solución a la crisis del
alojamiento que atravesaba Lima. Siguiendo esta lógica, se propone un modo de análisis de
la historia de los inicios del problema de la vivienda, no solo narrando los proyectos estatales
y los grandes hitos del urbanismo, sino, sobre todo, estudiando las formas en las que el Estado
moderno capitalista intenta controlar los comportamientos y cotidianidad de ciertos grupos
humanos.
The following thesis studies the ways in which the Peruvian state of the fifties tried to mold the practices, habits and usages of the homeless movement during the beginnings of the Housing crisis in Lima city. In order to achieve this, the present investigation relies on the analysis of bureaucracy papers produced by many state institutions and the study of one particular case: The Ciudad de Dios Popular Project (1954-1958), whose historical reconstruction was made through a process of detailed examination of media news of those years, interviews and the review of neighborhood documentation. The thesis sustains that the state and the economic elites attempted to convert the land invaders and the slum duelers into an ideal type of neighbor owner. Therefore, the present investigation argues that the state institutions believed that the transformation of the settlers’ ways of life would be the solution of the housing problem in the city. Following this logic, a new way of analysis of the beginning of the housing problem is proposed. To illustrate, the recount of state projects and the major town planning milestones are taken in account but, above all, the thesis analyses the ways in which the modern capitalist state tries to control the behavior and the everydayness of certain human groups.
The following thesis studies the ways in which the Peruvian state of the fifties tried to mold the practices, habits and usages of the homeless movement during the beginnings of the Housing crisis in Lima city. In order to achieve this, the present investigation relies on the analysis of bureaucracy papers produced by many state institutions and the study of one particular case: The Ciudad de Dios Popular Project (1954-1958), whose historical reconstruction was made through a process of detailed examination of media news of those years, interviews and the review of neighborhood documentation. The thesis sustains that the state and the economic elites attempted to convert the land invaders and the slum duelers into an ideal type of neighbor owner. Therefore, the present investigation argues that the state institutions believed that the transformation of the settlers’ ways of life would be the solution of the housing problem in the city. Following this logic, a new way of analysis of the beginning of the housing problem is proposed. To illustrate, the recount of state projects and the major town planning milestones are taken in account but, above all, the thesis analyses the ways in which the modern capitalist state tries to control the behavior and the everydayness of certain human groups.
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Viviendas--Perú--Lima--1950-1961, Política de vivienda--Perú--1950-1961, Barrios marginales--Perú--Condiciones sociales, Grupos sociales--Perú
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