SENTENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL EXP. N.° 03066-2019-PA/TC, recurso de amparo constitucional sobre consulta previa a las comunidades aimaras Chila Chambilla y Chila Pucará
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Date
2023-08-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Las comunidades Chila Chambilla y Chila Pucará interpusieron un Recurso de Amparo
Constitucional (RAC) frente a las concesiones mineras otorgadas a la empresa Cemento Sur S.A,
sin haberse realizado el proceso de consulta previa. El Tribunal Constitucional (TC) lo declaró
improcedente, debido a que, en su opinión, la consulta previa no es un derecho fundamental
consagrado en la Constitución Política de 1993. Asimismo, en sus votos singulares, los
magistrados Miranda Canales y Ferrero Costa, señalaron que el derecho a la consulta previa no
comprende el otorgamiento de concesiones mineras, debido a que no representa riesgo para las
comunidades involucradas.
Frente a ello, se analizó si es que, según los estándares que la Corte Interamericana de Derechos
Humanos (CoIDH) ha establecido en su jurisprudencia y lo dispuesto en diferentes instrumentos
jurídicos internacionales (Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, Convenio 169 de la
OIT, entre otros), la consulta previa aplicaba para este caso. Asimismo, se examinó por qué los
magistrados del TC, en virtud del control de convencionalidad, estaban obligados a aplicar dichos
estándares en su fallo interno, y si es que el actual planteamiento de la consulta previa en Perú
cumple los estándares señalados. Como resultado se estableció que dicho planteamiento vulnera
los estándares planteados por la CoIDH en relación con la consulta previa, y obstaculiza casos
como el de las comunidades Chila Chambilla y Chila Pucara, cuya aplicación se demandó desde
la concesión de su territorio. Asimismo, se evidenció la deficiente aplicación del control de
convencionalidad en el caso.
The Chila Chambilla and Chila Pucará communities filed a writ of Amparo (constitutional protection) against the mining concessions granted to Cemento Sur S.A, without the prior consultation process. The Constitutional Court (TC) declared it inadmissible, stating that prior consultation is not a fundamental right enshrined in the 1993 Political Constitution. Additionally, in their individual votes, magistrates Miranda Canales and Ferrero Costa stated that the right to prior consultation does not include the granting of mining concessions, as it does not pose a risk to the communities involved. Therefore, it was analyzed whether, according to the standards established by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) in its jurisprudence and the provisions of different international legal instruments (American Convention on Human Rights, ILO Convention 169, among others), prior consultation applied to this case. Likewise, it was examined why the TC magistrates, under the control of conventionality, were obligated to apply these standards in their internal ruling, and whether the current approach to prior consultation in Peru meets the standards indicated. As a result, it was established that this approach violates the standards set by the IACHR regarding prior consultation and obstructs cases such as those of the Chila Chambilla and Chila Pucara communities, whose application has been demanded since the granting of their territory. Additionally, deficient application of conventionality control was evidenced in the case.
The Chila Chambilla and Chila Pucará communities filed a writ of Amparo (constitutional protection) against the mining concessions granted to Cemento Sur S.A, without the prior consultation process. The Constitutional Court (TC) declared it inadmissible, stating that prior consultation is not a fundamental right enshrined in the 1993 Political Constitution. Additionally, in their individual votes, magistrates Miranda Canales and Ferrero Costa stated that the right to prior consultation does not include the granting of mining concessions, as it does not pose a risk to the communities involved. Therefore, it was analyzed whether, according to the standards established by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) in its jurisprudence and the provisions of different international legal instruments (American Convention on Human Rights, ILO Convention 169, among others), prior consultation applied to this case. Likewise, it was examined why the TC magistrates, under the control of conventionality, were obligated to apply these standards in their internal ruling, and whether the current approach to prior consultation in Peru meets the standards indicated. As a result, it was established that this approach violates the standards set by the IACHR regarding prior consultation and obstructs cases such as those of the Chila Chambilla and Chila Pucara communities, whose application has been demanded since the granting of their territory. Additionally, deficient application of conventionality control was evidenced in the case.
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Pueblos indígenas--Derechos--Perú, Control constitucional--Perú, Tribunales constitucionales--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derechos humanos--Perú
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