Relación entre comprensión lectora y atribuciones causales de éxito y fracaso en alumnos de tercer año de secundaria de colegios públicos y privados de Lima Metropolitana.
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente estudio pretende ampliar el conocimiento sobre las variables
cognitivo-motivacionales referidas al lector; su objetivo principal fue examinar la
relación entre la comprensión lectora y las atribuciones causales. Se utilizó un
diseño descriptivo correlacional, de corte tranversal. Se aplicaron dos
instrumentos, la Prueba de Evaluación de las Competencias de Comprensión
Lectora (ECLE – 3) y el Cuestionario de Estilos Atributivos (EAT), en una
muestra intencional de 208 alumnos de tercero de secundaria, de los cuales 72
pertenecen a instituciones educativas particulares y 136 a instituciones educativas
estatales de Lima Metropolitana. Los resultados señalan que el rendimiento en
comprensión lectora se relacionó significativamente, en sentido negativo, con los
estilos de atribución del fracaso al profesor y la externalización e incontrolabilidad
del fracaso académico por su atribución a la mala suerte; además, se encontraron
diferencias significativas en el rendimiento en comprensión lectora entre alumnos
de tercer año de secundaria de instituciones estatales y particulares, a favor de los
segundos. De acuerdo a los resultados se concluye que a mayor presencia de
estilos atribucionales que refieren los fracasos académicos a factores ajenos a sí
mismos, se tiende a mostrar menor rendimiento en comprensión lectora.
This work intends to broaden the knowledge about the cognitive-motivational variables referred to the reader; the main objective was to test the relation between reading comprehension and causal attributions. We use a descriptive correlational design in this cross-sectional study. Two tests were applied, the Reading Comprehension Competences Assessment Test (ECLE - 3) and the Attributive Style Questionnaire (EAT), in a purposive sample of 208 third grade high school students, 72 students were from private schools and 136 were from public schools in Lima city. The results show that the reading comprehension performance relates significantly, in the negative direction, to the attribution of failure to professor and the outsourcing – uncontrollability of academic failure by the attribution to bad luck; besides, statistically differences were found on reading comprehension performance considering public and private schools, in favor of private school students. In light of the outcome, it follows that in greater presence of causal attributions that explain the academic failure using factors outside oneself, it tends to display lower reading comprehension outputs.
This work intends to broaden the knowledge about the cognitive-motivational variables referred to the reader; the main objective was to test the relation between reading comprehension and causal attributions. We use a descriptive correlational design in this cross-sectional study. Two tests were applied, the Reading Comprehension Competences Assessment Test (ECLE - 3) and the Attributive Style Questionnaire (EAT), in a purposive sample of 208 third grade high school students, 72 students were from private schools and 136 were from public schools in Lima city. The results show that the reading comprehension performance relates significantly, in the negative direction, to the attribution of failure to professor and the outsourcing – uncontrollability of academic failure by the attribution to bad luck; besides, statistically differences were found on reading comprehension performance considering public and private schools, in favor of private school students. In light of the outcome, it follows that in greater presence of causal attributions that explain the academic failure using factors outside oneself, it tends to display lower reading comprehension outputs.
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