Informe Jurídico sobre la Casación Laboral Nº 15216-2018-Lima
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2023-08-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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A la luz de la Casación Laboral N° 15216-2018-Lima, el presente informe jurídico
tiene como propósito analizar la nulidad de despido por embarazo para el caso
de una trabajadora que sufrió la interrupción natural de su gestación y posterior
a esta comunicación fue despedida por su empleador, quien le imputó, en la carta
de preaviso de despido, la comisión de dos faltas graves previstas en los literales
a) y d) del artículo 25 de la LPCL, referidas respectivamente al incumplimiento
de las obligaciones laborales que supone el quebrantamiento de la buena fe
laboral y la entrega de información falsa con la intención de causarle un perjuicio
al empleador.
Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el informe concluye que no se ha configurado
ninguna de las faltas graves, pues la entrega del CITT y la epicrisis para acreditar
el embarazo y la interrupción natural de la gestación, no constituyen una
obligación de trabajo; asimismo, no resulta válida la subsunción de la falta de
entrega de una documentación, en la causal de entrega de información falsa. Así
también, mediante los métodos de interpretación sistemática y de la “ratio legis”
se colige que la nulidad de despido alcanza a la trabajadora que sufrió la
interrupción natural de su embarazo, a su vez, según lo previsto en el literal e)
de la LPCL se determina la configuración de un despido nulo. Finalmente, se
concluye que la trabajadora podría haber solicitado como pretensión
subordinada, la reposición por haber sido objeto de un despido fraudulento.
In light of Labor Cassation No. 15216-2018-Lima, the purpose of this legal report is to analyze the nullity of dismissal due to pregnancy in the case of a worker who suffered the natural interruption of her pregnancy and was fired after this communication by his employer, who charged him, in the dismissal notice letter, with the commission of two serious offenses provided for in subparagraphs a) and d) of article 25 of the LPCL, referring respectively to the breach of labor obligations that involves the breach of good labor faith and the delivery of false information with the intention of causing harm to the employer. Taking into account the foregoing, the report concludes that none of the serious offenses has been configured, since the delivery of the CITT and the epicrisis to prove the pregnancy and the natural interruption of the gestation, do not constitute a work obligation; Likewise, the subsumption of the lack of delivery of a documentation is not valid, in the cause of delivery of false information. Likewise, through the methods of systematic interpretation and the "ratio legis" it is inferred that the nullity of dismissal reaches the worker who suffered the natural interruption of her pregnancy, in turn, as provided for in literal e) of the LPCL determines the configuration of a null dismissal. Finally, it is concluded that the worker could have requested, as a subordinate claim, her reinstatement for having been the subject of a fraudulent dismissal.
In light of Labor Cassation No. 15216-2018-Lima, the purpose of this legal report is to analyze the nullity of dismissal due to pregnancy in the case of a worker who suffered the natural interruption of her pregnancy and was fired after this communication by his employer, who charged him, in the dismissal notice letter, with the commission of two serious offenses provided for in subparagraphs a) and d) of article 25 of the LPCL, referring respectively to the breach of labor obligations that involves the breach of good labor faith and the delivery of false information with the intention of causing harm to the employer. Taking into account the foregoing, the report concludes that none of the serious offenses has been configured, since the delivery of the CITT and the epicrisis to prove the pregnancy and the natural interruption of the gestation, do not constitute a work obligation; Likewise, the subsumption of the lack of delivery of a documentation is not valid, in the cause of delivery of false information. Likewise, through the methods of systematic interpretation and the "ratio legis" it is inferred that the nullity of dismissal reaches the worker who suffered the natural interruption of her pregnancy, in turn, as provided for in literal e) of the LPCL determines the configuration of a null dismissal. Finally, it is concluded that the worker could have requested, as a subordinate claim, her reinstatement for having been the subject of a fraudulent dismissal.
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Despido de empleados--Perú, Nulidad (Derecho)--Perú, Embarazo
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