Trazando el camino hacia la claridad: Protección del consumidor financiero en las compensaciones sobre remuneraciones y pensiones
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2024-08-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
El trabajo aborda la compleja problemática de las compensaciones en el sistema
financiero peruano, especialmente en relación con los depósitos de
remuneraciones y pensiones. A pesar de estar regidas por eI artículo 132 de Ia
Ley GeneraI deI Sistema Financiero y de Seguros, surgen debates sobre cuáIes
son Ios alcances de Ia exclusión a la que hace referencia dicha norma. Se
destaca la falta de uniformidad en los criterios aplicados por Ias instituciones
competentes en sede administrativa y judiciaI, generando incertidumbre en la
resolución de casos, siendo que, respecto de la última, se favorece aI
consumidor remitiéndose aI artícuIo 1290 deI Código CiviI y aI 648 deI Código
ProcesaI CiviI. Frente a la falta de un criterio uniforme al resolver controversias
particulares, se analiza la viabilidad de una corrección preventiva por parte de
los organismos supervisores. Sin embargo, debido a la falta de positivización del
criterio empleado por Ia Corte Suprema respecto a la norma aplicable, se Iimitan
los esfuerzos de corrección de la conducta, tanto de forma preventiva como
posterior en los casos concretos. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo analiza la
necesidad y viabilidad de modificar eI artícuIo 132 de Ia norma especial, a fin de
solucionar Ias problemáticas y estabIecer Iímites en Ias compensaciones sobre
Ios fondos de remuneración y pensión. La propuesta busca equilibrar la eficiencia
operativa y Ia protección deI consumidor, reconociendo la especial protección
legaI de Ia remuneración y Ia pensión en el contexto financiero.
The work addresses the complex issue of compensations in the Peruvian financial system, particularly concerning remuneration and pension deposits. Despite being governed by Article 132 of the General Law for the Financial System and Insurance, debates arise regarding the scope of the exclusion referred to in said norm. The lack of uniformity in the criteria applied by competent institutions in administrative and judicial proceedings is highlighted, creating uncertainty in case resolution, and with respect to the latter, the consumer is favored by referring to article 1290 of the Civil Code and 648 of the CiviI Process Code. Faced with the absence of a uniform criterion in resolving specific disputes, the feasibility of preventive correction by supervisory bodies is analyzed. However, due to the lack of positivization of the criterion used by the Supreme Court regarding the applicable norm, efforts to correct behavior are limited, both preventively and subsequently in specific cases. Therefore, this work examines the need and feasibility of amending Article 132 of the special regulation to resolve the problems and establish limits on compensations regarding remuneration and pension funds. The proposal aims to balance operational efficiency and consumer protection, recognizing the special legal protection of remuneration and pension in the financial context.
The work addresses the complex issue of compensations in the Peruvian financial system, particularly concerning remuneration and pension deposits. Despite being governed by Article 132 of the General Law for the Financial System and Insurance, debates arise regarding the scope of the exclusion referred to in said norm. The lack of uniformity in the criteria applied by competent institutions in administrative and judicial proceedings is highlighted, creating uncertainty in case resolution, and with respect to the latter, the consumer is favored by referring to article 1290 of the Civil Code and 648 of the CiviI Process Code. Faced with the absence of a uniform criterion in resolving specific disputes, the feasibility of preventive correction by supervisory bodies is analyzed. However, due to the lack of positivization of the criterion used by the Supreme Court regarding the applicable norm, efforts to correct behavior are limited, both preventively and subsequently in specific cases. Therefore, this work examines the need and feasibility of amending Article 132 of the special regulation to resolve the problems and establish limits on compensations regarding remuneration and pension funds. The proposal aims to balance operational efficiency and consumer protection, recognizing the special legal protection of remuneration and pension in the financial context.
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Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (Perú), Protección del consumidor--Perú, Derecho bancario--Perú, Salarios--Perú, Pensiones--Perú