Junta de coordinación interregional y mancomunidad regional: surgimiento, contraste y actores principales
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2020-10-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Aproximadamente hace veinte años, el Perú inició un nuevo proceso de
descentralización y regionalización. Durante este tiempo se han implementado
diversos mecanismos de articulación, no obstante, hasta la fecha no se ha
concretado la formación de una región que integre dos o más departamentos, tal y
como fue planificado al inicio del proceso (2002).
Entre los mecanismos que se crearon para la integración territorial se encuentra la
junta de coordinación interregional y las mancomunidades regionales. Por ejemplo,
se creó la junta de coordinación del norte y oriente (INTERNOR), que estuvo
conformada por siete gobiernos regionales del norte, entre ellos: Amazonas, San
Martín, La Libertad y Cajamarca y posteriormente, estos cuatro gobiernos crearon
la mancomunidad regional Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico.
Esta decisión de integración territorial generó un impacto importante en el proceso
de descentralización y regionalización en el Perú. Por ello, la pregunta de
investigación para la presente tesis fue: ¿Cuáles son los factores que explican la
decisión de formar la mancomunidad regional Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico como
alternativa a la junta de coordinación interregional del norte y oriente?
La literatura revisada sobre mancomunidades regionales se ha centrado en el
diseño, objetivos, sostenibilidad y su contribución a la integración regional. Sin
embargo, no existe un análisis sobre el proceso de la INTERNOR y la Qhapaq Ñan
Nor Amazónico. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar sus procesos de
creación, explicar sus diferencias y semejanzas e identificar sus principales actores
y su rol desempeñado en los acontecimientos.
La metodología utilizada fue el caso instrumental (Barzelay y Cortázar 2004) ya que
este analiza experiencias concretas a partir de la cual se conoce sus singularidades
o cualidades intrínsecas. Asimismo, es cualitativa, y por ello se utilizó el método de
la entrevista como instrumento de recojo de información, la misma que se realizó a
autoridades y/o ex autoridades nacionales y regionales, funcionarios y/o ex
funcionarios regionales y nacionales, así como expertos en descentralización. La
investigación se complementó con la revisión de fuentes secundarias.
La investigación concluyó que los factores determinantes, que explican la decisión
de los representantes de los gobiernos regionales de formar la Qhapaq Ñan Nor
Amazónico como alternativa a la INTERNOR son el factor político, factor de
autonomía, factor de legitimidad y factor de actoría política. Entre los hallazgos más
importantes se encuentra el rol fundamental que cumplieron los profesionales
porque dieron soporte a los tomadores de decisión para cristalizar este mecanismo.
About twenty years ago, Perú began a new process of decentralization and regionalization. During this time, various articulation mechanisms have been implemented. However, to date, the formation of a region that integrates two or more departments has not materialized as planned at the beginning of the process (2002). Among the mechanisms that were created for territorial integration are the Junta de Coordinación Interregional and the Mancomunidades Regionales. For example, the Junta de Coordinación del Norte y Oriente (INTERNOR) was created, which was made up of seven regional governments from the North, including Amazonas, San Martín, La Libertad and Cajamarca, and later these four governments created the Mancomunidad Regional Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico. This territorial integration decision generated an important impact on the decentralization and regionalization process in Perú. Therefore, the research question for this thesis was: What are the factors that explain the decision to form the Mancomunidad Regional Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico as an alternative to the Junta de Coordinación del Norte y Oriente? The literature reviewed on Mancomunidades Regionales has focused on the design, objectives, sustainability and their contribution to regional integration. However, there is no analysis of the INTERNOR process and the Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico. The objective of this study was to analyze their formation processes, explain their differences and similarities, and identify their main actors and their role in events. The methodology used was the instrumental case (Barzelay and Cortázar 2004) since it analyzes concrete experiences from which their singularities or intrinsic qualities are known. Likewise, it is qualitative and for this reason the interview method was used as an instrument for collecting information, in this case from authorities and / or former national and regional authorities, officials and / or former regional and national officials, as well as experts in decentralization. The investigation was complemented with a review of secondary sources. The research concluded that the determining factors that explain the decision of the regional government representatives to form the Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico as an alternative to INTERNOR are the political factor, the autonomy factor, the legitimacy factor and the political actor factor. Among the most important findings is the fundamental role that professionals played because they supported decision makers to crystallize this mechanism.
About twenty years ago, Perú began a new process of decentralization and regionalization. During this time, various articulation mechanisms have been implemented. However, to date, the formation of a region that integrates two or more departments has not materialized as planned at the beginning of the process (2002). Among the mechanisms that were created for territorial integration are the Junta de Coordinación Interregional and the Mancomunidades Regionales. For example, the Junta de Coordinación del Norte y Oriente (INTERNOR) was created, which was made up of seven regional governments from the North, including Amazonas, San Martín, La Libertad and Cajamarca, and later these four governments created the Mancomunidad Regional Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico. This territorial integration decision generated an important impact on the decentralization and regionalization process in Perú. Therefore, the research question for this thesis was: What are the factors that explain the decision to form the Mancomunidad Regional Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico as an alternative to the Junta de Coordinación del Norte y Oriente? The literature reviewed on Mancomunidades Regionales has focused on the design, objectives, sustainability and their contribution to regional integration. However, there is no analysis of the INTERNOR process and the Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico. The objective of this study was to analyze their formation processes, explain their differences and similarities, and identify their main actors and their role in events. The methodology used was the instrumental case (Barzelay and Cortázar 2004) since it analyzes concrete experiences from which their singularities or intrinsic qualities are known. Likewise, it is qualitative and for this reason the interview method was used as an instrument for collecting information, in this case from authorities and / or former national and regional authorities, officials and / or former regional and national officials, as well as experts in decentralization. The investigation was complemented with a review of secondary sources. The research concluded that the determining factors that explain the decision of the regional government representatives to form the Qhapaq Ñan Nor Amazónico as an alternative to INTERNOR are the political factor, the autonomy factor, the legitimacy factor and the political actor factor. Among the most important findings is the fundamental role that professionals played because they supported decision makers to crystallize this mechanism.
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Descentralización administrativa--Perú, Regionalismo--Perú, Gobierno local--Perú, Planificación regional--Perú
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