Las limitaciones a la aplicación de las cláusulas ad-corpus en los contratos de consumo de compraventa inmobiliaria de bienes futuros desde el enfoque de las normas de protección al consumidor
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2022-08-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El reciente criterio emitido por la Sala Especializada en Protección al Consumidor del
INDECOPI respecto de la aplicación de las cláusulas ad-corpus en contratos de
consumo de compraventa inmobiliaria ha generado una situación de desprotección de
derechos en perjuicio de los consumidores. La nueva conformación de miembros de este
órgano resolutivo determinó que las cláusulas ad-corpus eran plenamente válidas y
aplicables a contratos de consumo, dado que esta figura se encuentra regulada en el
Código Civil. De este modo, la Sala se apartó de una línea jurisprudencial que por
muchos años había seguido; y lo hizo sin analizar el fondo del asunto. Se advierte,
entonces, que este criterio vulnera el deber de idoneidad y los principios contemplados
en el Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor. Asimismo, traslada un mensaje
negativo al mercado, a través del cual el proveedor podrá incumplir con el metraje
ofrecido y, a pesar de ello, no será sancionado. En el rubro inmobiliario, el consumidor
es el sujeto débil de la relación contractual, dada su poca o nula de capacidad de
negociación, la complejidad del sector al que se enfrenta y la asimetría informativa que
existe respecto del proveedor. En virtud de lo expuesto, resulta necesario establecer
limitaciones a la aplicación de las cláusulas ad-corpus en el marco de una relación de
consumo
The recent criterion issued by the Specialized Chamber on Consumer Protection of INDECOPI regarding the application of ad-corpus clauses in consumer contracts for the real estate purchase agreement has generated a situation of lack of protection of rights to the detriment of consumers. The new composition of members of this resolution ruling authority determined that ad-corpus clauses were fully valid and applicable to consumer contracts, because this figure is regulated in the Civil Code. Therefore, the Chamber broke away from a line of jurisprudence that it had followed for many years; and it did so without analyzing the substance of the matter. It is noted, then, that this criterion violates the duty of suitability and the principles contemplated in the Consumer Protection and Defense Code. Likewise, it delivers a negative message to the market, through which the supplier may fail to comply with the footage offered and, in spite of this, will not be sanctioned. In the real state industry, the consumer is the weak subject of the contractual relationship, given his little or no capacity to negotiate, the complexity of the sector he is confronted with, as well as the information asymmetry that exists with respect to the supplier. In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to establish limitations on the application of ad-corpus clauses in the context of a consumer relationship.
The recent criterion issued by the Specialized Chamber on Consumer Protection of INDECOPI regarding the application of ad-corpus clauses in consumer contracts for the real estate purchase agreement has generated a situation of lack of protection of rights to the detriment of consumers. The new composition of members of this resolution ruling authority determined that ad-corpus clauses were fully valid and applicable to consumer contracts, because this figure is regulated in the Civil Code. Therefore, the Chamber broke away from a line of jurisprudence that it had followed for many years; and it did so without analyzing the substance of the matter. It is noted, then, that this criterion violates the duty of suitability and the principles contemplated in the Consumer Protection and Defense Code. Likewise, it delivers a negative message to the market, through which the supplier may fail to comply with the footage offered and, in spite of this, will not be sanctioned. In the real state industry, the consumer is the weak subject of the contractual relationship, given his little or no capacity to negotiate, the complexity of the sector he is confronted with, as well as the information asymmetry that exists with respect to the supplier. In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to establish limitations on the application of ad-corpus clauses in the context of a consumer relationship.
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Protección del consumidor--Perú, Contratos comerciales--Perú, Contratos--Incumplimiento, Empresas inmobiliarias--Perú, Bienes--Perú, Covid-19 (Enfermedad)
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