El impacto del derecho de patentes de productos farmacéuticos en la salud pública en el Perú
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2021-03-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La introducción de patentes para proteger los productos farmacéuticos (1991) ha reducido el
acceso de la población, con escasos recursos económicos, a los medicamentos. Esta medida fue
tomada a nivel regional y se va fortaleciendo progresivamente mediante la firma de tratados
como el TLC con Estados Unidos, que el Perú ha suscrito. Sin embargo, el mayor problema que
enfrenta la salud pública es el abuso del dominio de dichas patentes, el cual reduce incluso
mucho más la posibilidad de acceder a los medicamentos. Esto se debe a que, al lograr
incrementar la duración del monopolio de la patente, los medicamentos mantienen precios muy
elevados por más de los 20 años. Frente a este constante conflicto entre: los derechos de
exclusividad de las patentes sobre nuevos fármacos y la necesidad de la población de acceder a
los medicamentos primordiales, este trabajo pretende mostrar que no tenemos una regulación
clara sobre el derecho de las patentes que compatibilice con el derecho a la salud, ya que, si
bien existen mecanismos de flexibilidad generados en el propio sistema de patentes a nivel
internacional, a nivel interno nos falta establecer normas más concretas y reforzar los
organismos estatales (Indecopi). Del mismo modo, mostraré la nueva problemática en torno a
la actual pandemia del COVID-19 pues este gran impacto nos motiva a replantear el futuro de
los monopolios de explotación en ámbitos tan importantes como la salud de las personas
The introduction of patents to protect pharmaceutical products (1991) has reduced the access of the population, with limited economic resources, to medicines. This measure was taken at the regional level and is progressively strengthened through the signing of treaties such as the TLC that Peru has been signing. However, the biggest problem facing public health is the abuse of patent domain of patents, which further reduces the possibility of accessing medicines. This is because, by increasing the duration of the patent monopoly, medicines maintain very high prices for more than 20 years. Faced with this constant conflict between: the exclusive rights of patents on new drugs and the need of the population to access essential drugs, this work aims to show that we do not have a clear regulation on patent law that makes compatible with the right to health, since, although there are flexibility mechanisms generated in the patent system itself at the international level, at the internal level we need to establish more concrete laws and reinforce state agencies (Indecopi). In the same way, I will show the new problems surrounding the current COVID-19 pandemic as this great impact motivates us to rethink the future of exploitation monopolies in areas as important as health of people.
The introduction of patents to protect pharmaceutical products (1991) has reduced the access of the population, with limited economic resources, to medicines. This measure was taken at the regional level and is progressively strengthened through the signing of treaties such as the TLC that Peru has been signing. However, the biggest problem facing public health is the abuse of patent domain of patents, which further reduces the possibility of accessing medicines. This is because, by increasing the duration of the patent monopoly, medicines maintain very high prices for more than 20 years. Faced with this constant conflict between: the exclusive rights of patents on new drugs and the need of the population to access essential drugs, this work aims to show that we do not have a clear regulation on patent law that makes compatible with the right to health, since, although there are flexibility mechanisms generated in the patent system itself at the international level, at the internal level we need to establish more concrete laws and reinforce state agencies (Indecopi). In the same way, I will show the new problems surrounding the current COVID-19 pandemic as this great impact motivates us to rethink the future of exploitation monopolies in areas as important as health of people.
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Salud pública--Legislación--Perú, Industria farmaceútica--Legislación--Perú, Perú--Legislación, Patentes--Legislación--Perú
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